English Speech About Big World and on Her Knees

English Speech: How would you feel if your mother had to clean other people’s houses to make a living? How far would you really go for a friend, would you sacrifice a love life, your education? Out of all the books I have read, I absolutely love Tim Winton’s short stories, 2 short stories that I loved are â€Å"On Her knees† and â€Å"Big World†.I have particularly enjoyed â€Å"On her knees† not only because of its intriguing name but because it depicts the issue of dignity throughout the whole story and it taught me that â€Å"there is more honor in scrubbing other people’s floors than in having strangers scrub your own†, the second story â€Å"Big World† depicts the issue of friendship which also teaches me that â€Å"Friendship can evolve through the smallest of incidents† Now to the short story â€Å"Big World† which is about an emotional journey for a young man and his friend Biggie, who have recently failed their exams.As life becomes monotonous by working in a abattoir, they decide to escapee and go as far away as they can from the town they had lived in, Angelus, so they buy an old VW which later breaks down and as the realization seeps in on how stupid the idea was, they decide to go separate ways. Friendship is one of the main themes in this short story; it expresses the idea of two friends who make sacrifices for each other so their friendship will be able to continue on.This can be seen in several times in the story; one is where the persona sacrifices his love for Briony9 Nevis, quote: â€Å"out of loyalty† and when the persona does Biggie’s homework â€Å"†¦his whole academic success was his essay on the demise of Led Zeppelin, but then I wrote that for him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A technique that shows friendship is first person, making it seem as a personal experience, this point of view also enables the author to manipulate the reader’s feelings and judgment s. This method also helps in creating an atmosphere where the reader feels as if he or she is one with the narrator which gets the story to be more involving. For example: In the short story, the event in which Biggie’s father is described as a beater and that if Biggie were to return home his father â€Å"His father would beat the shit out of him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which creates a sense of sympathy towards Biggie and a sense of antipathy towards his father. â€Å"On her knees† which is about a son’s perception of his mother’s cleaning work that is contrasted with pride and dignity, which is accentuated when she is falsely accused of theft. The short story itself is about dignity, about maintaining dignity and understanding its meaning.What makes this a good read, is that the title itself contradicts the whole idea of dignity, the fact that when someone is on their knees, they are in a degrading state but in this short story Winton has effectively shown that this is not true and that no matter what occupation your mother has you will always be quote: â€Å"proud of her good name†. The narrator Victor Lang loa thes to see his mother lower herself and degrade her own dignity just to provide an education for him quote: â€Å"†¦ my mother cleaned houses to pay debts and keep us afloat and get me through university†¦ , this depicts how the mother had a â€Å"come-down† from her previous job as a receptionist, as long as her son is well provided for, such a high class occupation to a â€Å"domestic benchmark†. The â€Å"veins livid in her legs† represent labor, pain and strain which in contrast to the character of the house owner is regarded as admirable. A further comparison of the narrator's and the owner's shows that while they of low class have a neat clean home, those of â€Å"higher class† have a messy one full of neglect. A sad truth is put forth in this story where the value of a pair of earrings surpasses the value of a human being.A technique that shows dignity is symbolism. For example: the action of the boy taking a shower can be translated in to a wanting to escape form this situation. The mother is said to give the boy a â€Å"lecture†, which suggests that she is in control leading to another symbol of imprisonment for the boy. The car is another clever use of symbolism where the car represents the boy's life. It is said to be â€Å"reeking† which shows that the narrator hates his life. The cranking down of the window represents a desire to escape.The mother is said to be driving carefully which shows two things: a) that she is in control of his life and b) that she makes sure she takes the safest route, protecting her son from harm. Not only have both of these short stories alienated me in such a way, but I found these stories surprisingly beautiful, I highly advise for you to read these two great short stories, because the next time you are facing troubles in life, you remember what Carol Lang had to go through in life, remember what happens when you don’t face your problems in life, not like a bo y, but like a man.

Ancient Culture of Mesopotamia Essay

Between 3000-550BC, the civilization of the culture of Mesopotamia, also known as â€Å"The Land Between Two Rivers† was at its peak. Unfortunately, much of Mesopotamia’s contributions to the history of human civilization go unnoticed. The limited history available on this magnificent land shows that a great deal of human civilization begun in Mesopotamia. This is proven by its extensive trade routes, outstanding leaders, and astronomical development in technology that came into being in the ancient Mesopotamia. Undoubtedly, the ancient culture in Mesopotamia was the epitome of civilization. Duker and Spielvogel enumerate a number of aspects that need to considered for a culture to be referred to as civilized (7). They include the existence of written laws, intensive agriculture, division of labor, highly structured communities, market economy, among other variables. Thus, drawing from these elements that dictate civilizations, this essay attempts to explain why the ancient culture of Mesopotamia deserves to be called a civilization. By 3000 BC, the Sumerians, people of unknown origin had expanded the cities in Mesopotamia. During this period, they began to exercise political and economic control over other parts of the vast Mesopotamia. In addition, they formed city states, the most basic units of civilization in Mesopotamia. To start with, it is necessary to consider how Mesopotamia was divided. Mesopotamia was divided into what is now referred to as Sumerian cities. Walls surrounded these cities with towers for defense shooting up high to 35 feet. Uruk, for instance, was a city heavily protected by Sumerians’ remarkable creativity and innovation. The buildings in Mesopotamia were outstanding. Made of sun-dried-bricks and bound together by mud, Sumerians, both peasants put up dwellings that housed their households. Evidently, Mesopotamia has displayed the most artistic and creative architecture made of bricks of all time. Secondly, the economic might of the people of Mesopotamia further proves the level of civilization exhibited by Mesopotamia’s culture. Sumerian cities were predominantly agricultural. However, Mesopotamians practiced other economic aspects such as commerce and industry. For instance, they produced metalwork, pottery, and woolen textiles. In a display of their established trade market economy, Mesopotamians exchanged their agricultural products such as dried fish, barley, and wheat for imports that included copper, timber, and tin. Trade in Mesopotamia was made even easier with the introduction of carts with wheels. Duker and Spielvogel postulate that close to 90% of the entire Mesopotamian population practiced agriculture (8). With the increase in the numbers of Sumerian cities, Mesopotamia saw the need for the creation of more elaborate leadership structures. Thus in 2340 BC, the city states were abolished and more expansive and inclusive concept of leadership came into force, the empire. Mesopotamia did not only thrive on extensive and highly structured trade routes it enjoyed the leadership of a flourishing system of governance. Despite having fallen almost the time when city states were abolished ushering in the concept of an empire, Mesopotamia had accomplished leaders. Sargon I, for instance, was able to bring together the vast land of civilized people together and foster unity, which further gave his subjects the peace necessary for development. Along with the highly structured and remarkably efficient government systems was the rule of law that existed in Mesopotamia. The Code of Hammurabi, for instance, was a collection of laws that provided a platform for exercising justice in Mesopotamia. Just as most laws in this day and age are strict, Duker and Spielvogel give an insight into how these laws were enforced (9). The Hammurabi Code is proof of a civilized ancient society with strict rules that came with strict punishments for breach any. As far as religious aspects of this ancient culture were concerned, it is evident that the people of Mesopotamia were spiritual. In Mesopotamia, religion was led by priests who were accorded respect and valued by everyone including the kings. They believed in the existence of gods who were said to be at the helm of all the endeavors in Mesopotamia. It was in this effect that kings and other leaders had the responsibility of dedicating monuments and offerings for the gods for their much needed favor, especially at times of war. With many gods to be observed by the Mesopotamians, it suffices to say that religion was based on polytheism. Another aspect of ultimate importance in the ancient culture of Mesopotamia is that of the invention of arts and sciences. At around 3000 BC, the Sumerians introduced a system of writing that they referred to as cuneiform. Out of reeds, they inscribed wedge-shaped writings on clay tablets. The tablets were then baked, and once dry, they left permanent impressions that have continued to be sources of fascinating literature of this ancient society. It is from this invention that the art of writing began, without which we would have known nothing about writing. Therefore, it is agreeable that the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was civilized. Initially, Sumerian art of writing began with pictures of concrete objects, but gradually developed to form a phonetic system that made it possible for them to put abstract ideas into writing. Tracking the importance of writing in the ancient Mesopotamia, Duker and Spielvogel show how writing was vital to the people of Mesopotamia (13). With writing came the practice of keeping records of previous activities in addition to enhancing non-verbal communication. In addition to the outstanding art, Mesopotamians made incredible achievements as far as scientific discoveries are concerned. Arguably, their contributions to the math we perform today never go unnoticed. Thus, Mesopotamians played a pivotal role in the field of mathematics and astronomy. Duker and Spielvogel suggest that Mesopotamian culture ushered in a wave of technological advancements that no man had ever known (12). The period between 3000- 550 BC saw great scientific revolutions in Mesopotamia that led to the invention of exponents and roots in mathematics. Surprisingly, 4000 years later, no such discoveries have been made, discoveries so simple that no man has been able to improve on. With this breakthrough in mathematics and geometry, Sumerians could now employ this new concept in their various architectural designs. For instance, it was after the introduction of architectural concepts of arch, dome, and vaulted ceilings used in designing dwellings in Mesopotamia. Consequently, more people could fit into less space because of the new and effective designs of the dwellings. On the same note, it is paramount to note that it was in Mesopotamia that the numbers we now see in math were first coined. Mesopotamians devised the numbering, which they used in astronomy and keeping their calendar. With their newly found mathematical concept, they were able to base their calendar on the on the 12 lunar months. Duker and Spielvogel further use the elaborate trading system in Mesopotamia to illustrate how civilized it was (7). History suggests that Mesopotamia had the most civilized trading system with its trading routes running from Egypt to India. Initially, most nations of Mesopotamia’s age had trades that only operated within villagers. However, in Mesopotamia, trade extended beyond its borders through which Mesopotamia obtained most of its commodities through barter trade. Thus, it is through these far-reaching trade routes that one can confidently argue that the ancient culture of Mesopotamia had an immense deal of civilization. At the mention of Mesopotamia and civilization, one never fails to note the early forms of education systems that existed during this period. In Mesopotamia, Sumerians had devised a way of educating the young members of the society how to read and write Algaze 8). However, this never came to be until the art of writing was discovered. The Sumerians came up with what they referred to as writing schools that provided avenues through which early scholars learned creative writing (Algaze 6). These centers formed vibrant systems of apprentice. It was in the apprentice schools that craftsmen and artists trained on the job. They offered training on woodwork, metal work among other forms of art. Through this early system of education, other skills such as brewing and baking were taught. On the other hand, Sumerian schools provided graduates who later served as scribes in palaces, temples, and other affluent dwellings. Others proceeded to become instructors in other learning centers. Finally, it is necessary to look at how Mesopotamia displayed civilization via the field of medicine. It is evident that Mesopotamia was at the heart of the invention of practical medicine. Archaeologists have stumbled on pharmaceutical tablets that are said to have cured wounds, venereal diseases among other ailments of the ancient times. Whist other places are said to have resorted to dancing to drive away headaches; Mesopotamians had made a breakthrough in the field of medicine and were actually treating headache (Algaze 5). This only serves to demonstrate how the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was civilized. Therefore, in view of the compelling evidence of civilization, it suffices to say that the ancient culture of Mesopotamia was civilized. It is obvious to draw a conclusion that owing to Mesopotamia’s highly structured and elaborate leadership system, trade routes, technological advancements, educational systems, and well established religious system the culture of Mesopotamia is an ideal example of civilization of the ancient times. It is evident that, most of the technologies available today have a history with Mesopotamia. From carts with wheels to mathematical functions, symbols of Mesopotamia’s culture are evident. Thus, using Duker and Spielvogel’s elements as a yardstick against which to measure civilization, it is evident that Mesopotamia’s ancient culture did exhibit most of the elements therefore, deserves to be called a civilization. Works Cited Algaze, Guillermo. Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilization: The Evolution of an Urban Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2008 Print. Duker, William & Spielvogel, Jackson. The Essential World History. 6th edition, Wadsworth Publishing 2011. Print.

Macroeconomics Homework

One of the possible characteristics of the UK national daily newspaper would be the tight competition that exists in the said market due to the availability of the large number of newspaper companies. This characteristic of UK national newspaper causes tight market competition among its member firms. Another characteristic would be the difficulty of market entry in the said industry. This can be attributed to the large number of newspaper companies that already exist in the market. Price competition serves to be one of the major factors that attract more customers based on the given case. Moreover, innovation is also vital to the newspaper industry of UK since newspaper readers now prefer newspapers in a form of either tabloid or any other style that is much different from the conventional broadsheet from of UK’s newspaper. Using the theory of oligopoly, discuss why the Guardian chose to launch a new design of paper in 2005. Read also  Homework Solutions – Chapter 3 On the other hand, the reason why The Guardian launched a new design of newspaper mainly because they have to go with the flow on what other companies has been doing into their products. It was identified that almost all of the competitors of The Guardian has already been shifted from their conventional broadsheet newspapers to smaller design of newspapers like tabloid. One characteristics of Oligopoly would be the fact that any action of one firm in the market may it be price or marketing strategy, always affects other players on the said industry (Tutor2u.com 2007: 1). The fact that The Guardian was forced to make new designs for its newspaper would necessarily mean that they were affected by the strategies of their competitors of transforming the size of their newspapers. Moreover, based on the case, price only matters less or only among the many factors that affects the demand of newspaper readers which is also a part of the traits of Oligopoly. Works Cited Tutor2u.com (2007). Oligopoly [online]. Available: http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/monopoly/oligopoly_notes.htm [Accessed

Vertical Structure and Horizontal Structure of Organizations Assignment

Vertical Structure and Horizontal Structure of Organizations - Assignment Example Horizontal structures involve lateral relations, such as liaison functions, task forces, frequent unplanned meetings, and the use of formalized integrator roles. The advantage of a horizontal structure is a possibility of liberal and informal communication. The disadvantage is that this structure is effective and possible only in small organizations. The decentralized decision-making process allows employees greater involvement and fast decision-making. The advantage of vertical structure is greater control and delegation of authority. The disadvantages are lack of flexibility, decision-making from the top, centralization of authority and bureaucratic control of all activities. The examples of a vertical structure are Ford Motor Company, Toyota and Microsoft. These organizations have centralization of all management functions and require a high level of lateral interdepartmental coordination and communication involving unplanned face-to-face meetings and mutual adaptation. Coordination of sequential technologies is best accomplished through plans and schedules, whereas coordination of pooled technologies can be accomplished by the use of stan dard operating procedures (Mullins 304).

Humanitarian Intervention In A Military Capacity Essay - 1

Humanitarian Intervention In A Military Capacity - Essay Example But once genocide has been defined, the question still remains of who should be able to intervene and under what circumstances. For the purposes of the international community, monitoring standards should be imposed when and where a more powerful nation or coalition of nations intends to intervene up for humanitarian purposes in a region where genocide is a possibility. Whatever pretext the invader claims as a moral justification for the military action should be evaluated by an international body, and codified. If the justification for an invasion is to ensure that threaten civilian populations receive access to food aid, then monitors should ensure that the invaders hold true to this stated intent. No modern democracy in the current political climate would openly claim that their intent is to rule over another nation for the sake of Empire, and if an invading nation, in fact, denies this purpose, then an international body should monitor the extent of their military involvement for the purpose of documenting legitimate benchmarks towards the restoration of sovereignty within the occupied nation after the physical crisis has abated. Sanctions or withdrawal of support in addition to international condemnation should follow if prearranged benchmarks are not met. This strategy should prove a reasonable standard with respect to the military actions of democratic societies, but different discussions would become necessary in the event of military adventurism by governments not limited by popular votes.

Independent African American Film Producers Research Paper

Independent African American Film Producers - Research Paper Example Independent African American Film Producers Independent film producers are professional producers who make feature films that are mostly produced outside the confines of the system of major studios (Levy 29). In addition to production, as well as distribution, through independent companies, these producers can also distribute and/or produce their films via major studio subsidiaries. These films are also characterized by marketing them as a limited release, although there are times when the marketing campaigns can be done through wide release (Reid 48). Prior to distributing the films, independent film producers will screen their movies at film festivals. This paper will seek to give the biography of three independent African American film producers; Tyler Perry, Spike Lee, and Ivan Dixon. Biography of Tyler Perry Born in New Orleans on 13 September 1969, Tyler Perry had a difficult childhood. He has had to forge his career in the entertainment industry, in which he has made various successful plays, films, and even written books that have ended up on the best-sellers list. According to him, his childhood was difficult in a family with three other siblings where his early life was punctuated by corporal punishment by his father (Uschan 30). He once attempted to kill himself to escape what he fathomed to be a difficult life. In an attempt to forge a life away from his father, the man born Emmitt Perry Jr. changed his name to Tyler and dropped out of high school, although he did go on to earn a GED general equivalent later on in his life. He only discovered his passion after trying his hand at several unfulfilling employment opportunities. Watching Oprah Winfrey on television, he was inspired by an independent filmmaker’s comments on the show about how personal breakthroughs could be brought about by difficult experiences (Uschan 31). Starting by writing a series of letters that he addressed to himself, Perry used his experiences to create his first musical I Know I Have Been Changed. While touching on the subject of his abuse as a child, Perry also touched on forgiveness, an aspect of his films that has been ever-present, reflecting the seriousness he takes his faith as a Christian (Uschan 31). His first showing of the musical in 1992 only drew an audience of 30 people. Perry was disappointed but determined and took odd jobs to fund h is reworking of the project. Although he staged his show in various American cities, he was still not successful and had to live in his car for a while. Perry finally got his breakthrough in 1998 with the musical I Know I Have Been Changed, for which rented the Atlanta franchise of House of Blues. Soon he began to draw sell out crowds, forcing the musical to be moved to a theater with more sitting space (Uschan 36). He followed up this musical with an adaptation of Woman Thou Art Loosed, a book by Televangelist T.D. Jakes, which also proved popular with audiences, particularly African Americans. However, it was his next project, I Can Do Bad All By Myself that brought him the success he had been craving and introduced Madea, his most famous character. He based the character of Madea on mature women in his life, including his mother, choosing to play the character by wearing a drag and changing his voice. Madea made her screen debut in Diary of a Mad Black Woman in 2001 and making su bsequent popular appearances in Madea’s Class Reunion and Madea’s Family Reunion, for which Perry toured extensively around the country in support of his films (Uschan 36). Diary of a Mad Black Woman proved a hit at the box office, starring Steve Harris and Kimberly Elise as an adulterous husband, and scorned wife respectively. Perry himself made an

Language Aquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Language Aquisition - Essay Example The process further advances to a stage where a child learns language agreement rule. For instance, it is through an English agreement rule that a child learns a verb for third-person, singular subjects are added ‘s’. Language acquisition also involves creativity; it is through creativity that children manage to use their derivational rules knowledge in creating novel words. For example, it is through knowledge of derivational rules that a child manages to derive a verb from a noun, â€Å"broom-broom it†, and use it in his utterance, â€Å"I broomed it up† (â€Å"Language Acquisition† 344). Language acquisition is also enhanced by acquaintance of syntactic rules knowledge (â€Å"Language Acquisition† 346). It is the knowledge of the syntactic rule that enables a child to utter complex words. It is also the same knowledge that enables very young children to understand the word-order rules, and as a result, differentiate sentences. The ability of children to put words together is as a result of them developing the ability of relating syntactic and semantic rules. At this stage, children utterance appears telegraphic because of the level of their linguistic capacity. However, this is later solved by the children categorizing and segmenting words through learning their

Giottos and Jan Van Eyck's Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Giottos and Jan Van Eyck's Art - Research Paper Example The artistic interests of the artist in the holy trinity are directed towards humanism due to his use of incredible architecture and various vanishing points. His painting is realistic because he imagines Christ on the cross, thus making him stretched across the cross. At the bottom of his painting are encrypted words of humanity conforming to viewers that death is inevitable to all who have life. In the second painting by Botticelli, his artistic interest lies in mannerism in the society and this is depicted by extended limbs and hands, hence ushering in a new age to individuals present then and viewers viewing the painting. The comparison and contrast between Roman and Venetian approach to painting in the Renaissance period can be observed from the assumption of the virgin traced back to Italy to exude a limited degree of pragmatism. Moreover, the details in the painting are simplified so as to bring a sense of balance and harmony. The painting is basically concerned with compositi on and not fineness of the details present on the painting. He concentrates on the light and the color aspect thus gives little details to be interpreted by the viewers. On the contrary, Madonna in the Meadow establishes the pyramidal composition of the artist as he is concerned with beauty. The painting Madonna in the Meadow shows beautiful shapes which harmoniously compliment each other. The artistic treatment of their subject matter exemplifies the themes of the Italian and Northern Renaissance as they use their paintings.

Book report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Book report - Essay Example hat our inability to perform simple duties such as opening doors or switching on lights does not originate from us and we are not incompetent but rather it is because the design of the product we are using does not meet human needs and also does not take into consideration principles of cognitive psychology. This book also indicates the need for developing good designs and illustrates simple steps that can be followed to achieve this. It also highlights and discusses the situations that lead to forming of bad designs. Simple things that we use daily in our lives that are perceived to be very easy to use have now proved to be quite complicated as technology advances. An example that the author gives in the book is that of a door. The different designs that have been used in different types of modern day door have made it difficult for the author to use them. The difficulties that the author experience with the door have become popular making doors which often cause confusion to be referred to as "Norman doors" the authors name. Some designs require one to push or pull the door in a given direction while for others one needs to slide the door so as to be able to open it. The first chapter of the book influences designing positively. The author talks of important but simple aspects of design that a designer needs always to put into consideration for his or her design to be effective. Designed products need to be very safe, efficient and should satisfy individuals when it comes to actual usage. The author talks about two crucial attributes of a good design. These are discoverability and understanding. The design made should enable the user to determine what actions are doable and where and how the user can carry them out; that explains discoverability. In understanding, the user of the product should be capable of knowing what it is all about and how it is meant to be used. While designing their products designers should aim for not only beauty, but also utility,

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

E-commerce - Essay Example Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the technology company as well as models which it follows also provides different associations with the company and the way in which it is now linking to a booming market. Business Issues The main business that Loving Outdoors has created is based on moving to the outdoors with different supplies that are required for clothing, footwear, camping, fishing and nutrition. They also supply outdoor kits that are readily available for those who expect to spend more time in the outdoors. Each of these are divided by product on the main website and have developed into a large variety of brand models and high quality items known for those interested in the outdoors. Loving Outdoors has combined this with reviews, interaction, blogs and information through polls and newsletters to help with the needs of customers and to make the information easier to find. This allows consumers to have easier connections to the different information that is available while providing more opportunities to highlight the best items that are a part of the outdoor company (Loving Outdoors, 2011). The first business concept which is looked at with the company is the information technology which is used for e-commerce and how this defines the roles that are required with the online business. ... This is also inclusive of information which is found easily and applications which are used for managing customers through both automated and customer support systems (Chaffey, 2007: 81). For Loving Outdoors, the strength in this comes from the blog, newsletter and polls that are on the website, which immediately offers information and interaction. This is combined with the straightforward navigation for different items available and the customer support that is known by the company. However, some difficulties in basic navigation and the large amount of products available cause the IT infrastructure to be limited without newer and high end components that are a part of e-commerce. Another relation that is created with Loving Outdoors and the business issues comes from the supply and value chain that is a part of the online store. When examining this, one can see a limited number of items that are available. However, these are noted to have a diversity of brands and a large diversity of types of equipment. For example, if looking at fishing rods, one is able to access almost 50 different items that are available. This is more than a regular store and offers more convenience of shopping. Even though there are a large number of supplies by value, the supply number is not as high as expected with the shipping from a main warehouse being the main objective with the Loving Outdoors items. Since everything is done through e-commerce, it requires continuous additions with the supply and demand while continuing to add to the value of the company. The concept of the supply and value chain that is a part of Loving Outdoors relates to the gaps that are in the main concepts for supply chain management. This includes the three phases of procurement of materials, processing

Application of the color combinations and principles of design Essay

Application of the color combinations and principles of design - Essay Example 31). Still life by Jacob van Walscapelle is a drawing showing fruits and flowers as the main life subjects. Light was used to emphasize on the sharpness of the fruits; with the peach being at its direction. The fine glass has a red wine, while the shorter one contains water. The grapes have their traditional pale purple shade showing maturity. In terms of principles of designs applied in the two paintings, rhythm is created in the first picture by having smooth transitions between all components of the pictures; there is no clear cut colour difference between the buildings and the field at the background. However, the audience can notice that the painting is detailed only under close scrutiny. The artist gave balance to the items in ‘Still life’ painting by arranging them at strategic points for the picture not to appear heavy at some points and light at the rest of the painting. In this respect, the tall glass is positioned at the left side; however, it balances with the huge pawpaw fruit situated at the right

Literature and Ideals Essay Example for Free

Literature and Ideals Essay Definition: Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, literature is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Why do we read literature? Literature represents a language or a people: culture and tradition. But, literature is more important than just a historical or cultural artifact. Literature introduces us to new worlds of experience. We learn about books and literature; we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies of poems, stories, and plays; and we may even grow and evolve through our literary journey with books. Ultimately, we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the author says and how he/she says it. We may interpret the authors message. In academic circles, this decoding of the text is often carried out through the use of literary theory, using a mythological, sociological, psychological, historical, or other approach. Whatever critical paradigm we use to discuss and analyze literature, there is still an artistic quality to the works. Literature is important to us because it speaks to us, it is universal, and it affects us. Even when it is ugly, literature is beautiful. Importance of Literature. It is a curious and prevalent opinion that literature, like all art, is a mere play of imagination, pleasing enough, like a new novel, but without any serious or practical importance. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Literature preserves the ideals of a people; and idealslove, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, reverenceare the part of human life most worthy of preservation. The Greeks were a marvelous people; yet of all their mighty works we cherish only a few ideals,ideals of beauty in perishable stone, and ideals of truth in imperishable prose and poetry. It was simply the ideals of the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans, preserved in their literature, which made them what they were, and which determined their value to future generations. Our democracy, the boast of all English-speaking nations, is a dream; not the doubtful and sometimes disheartening spectacle presented in our legislative halls, but the lovely and immortal ideal of a free and equal manhood, preserved as a most precious heritage in every great literature from the Greeks to the Anglo-Saxons. All our arts, our sciences, even our inventions are founded squarely upon ideals; for under every invention is still the dream of Beowulf, that man may overcome the forces of nature; and the foundation of all our sciences and discoveries is the immortal dream that men shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. In a word, our whole civilization, our freedom, our progress, our homes, our religion, rest solidly upon ideals for their foundation. Nothing but an ideal ever endures upon earth. It is therefore impossible to overestimate the practical importance of literature, which preserves these ideals from fathers to sons, while men, cities, governments, civilizations, vanish from the face of the earth. It is only when we remember this that we appreciate the action of the devout Mussulman, who picks up and carefully preserves every scrap of paper on which words are written, because the scrap may perchance contain the name of Allah, and the ideal is too enormously important to be neglected or lost.

Pharmacists Role in Complementary Alternative Medicines

Pharmacists Role in Complementary Alternative Medicines Pharmacists Role in Complementary Alternative Medicines The first section of this paper will provide background information on the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and their associated risks and benefits. Additionally, information on the pharmacists’ role in CAMs and services in their pharmacies will be discussed. Next, the theory that potential ethical conflicts arise for pharmacists between keeping the health and wellbeing of clients and the community as their primary concern versus the prospect of turning a profit will be considered. Before concluding, other important ethical issues including duty of care, and liability will be discussed. Background The term CAM refers to any healing practise that doesn’t fall under the heading of conventional medicine. It encompasses not just pharmaceutical preparations, but diet, and traditional forms of health care including acupuncture, Chinese medicine, homeopathy, etc.1 In the past, people who sold CAMs were sometimes referred to as quacks, or someone who promotes unsupported methods that lack scientifically credible rational.2 CAMs were regarded as old wives tails, and their claims dismissed by the medical community.3   More recently CAMs have become a prominent feature in today’s health care regimens. In 2000 according to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) 52 percent of Australians were using at least one non-prescribed complementary medicine.4 The Therapeutic Goods Act of 1989 effectively legitimised CAMs by allowing them to be entered into the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) as a listed medicine. They have to meet a lesser set of standards than conventional medicines, which is one of the major concerns of allopathic practioners.5 With the passing of this act, pharmacies could legitimately sell two types of products; medicines for which there is scientific evidence   (prescription and over the counter products) and unproven medications (some CAMs) that may lack efficacy.   There are many risks associated with using CAMS including direct risks, substitutions made, nonprofessional advice received, and unreliable diagnostic tests.6 In some cases, CAMs have caused serious harm. The adverse effects range from infection due to dirty acupuncture needles, altering the effectiveness of other pharmacologically proven agents, to death from chiropractic manipulation. Substitutions pose a great risk for serious conditions. Replacing conventional treatments with CAMs can lead to many adverse effects. For example, treating melanoma with a herbal ointment rather than surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy can have disastrous consequences. Some patients, especially those with life threatening illnesses, will try anything to improve their symptoms. Some CAM practitioners take advantage of this and recommend treatments that are very costly and at the expense of other proven treatments. Unproven tests include, but aren’t limited to, reflexology and electro-dermal t esting.6 The danger in this type of testing is the high likelihood of misdiagnosis.   Despite the large body of evidence in the scientific community of the poor efficacy of CAMs, there is some evidence for their use as seen in cranberry for urinary tract infections St. John’s Wart for depression and a variety of others.7 In 1993 Australians spent an estimated 1 billion dollars on CAMs and by 2000 that number had risen to 2.3 billion.8   Shockingly, only 57 percent of Australians reported or discussed the use of these products to their doctors.9 The potential dangers outlined above and these statistics show the need for a pharmacists intervention. Pharmacist’s Role Pharmacists are a vital part of the allopathic health care team, often being the first port of call for patients requesting CAMs.10   The community pharmacy is an ideal environment to deliver quality, cost effective, and professional services to the general public. Patient’s safety and access to this high quality care is of paramount importance.11 Pharmacists counsel life style choices, recommend an appropriate non-prescription medication, or refer patient’s to a physician to improve outcomes.12      When responding to enquiries about CAMs pharmacists need to consider a variety of issues. The customers’ cultural and social beliefs and desire to take control of their own treatment should be viewed non-judgementally. Pharmacists need to stay up to date, and be aware of evidence to support the use of different products. Information about CAMs should be provided on an evidence-based level so the most accurate information is delivered to the patient. Pharmacist s also need to be aware of potential interactions with conventional products, and report adverse drug reactions to both the Adverse Drug Reaction’s Committee and the product’s sponsor.7 Furthermore, pharmacists must remind patients that CAMs are medications and should be openly discussed so potential interactions and side effects can be identified. Ethics and profit In a 2005 study of 484 community pharmacists in New South Wales 77% of respondents personally used CAMs and said that they offered CAM products for sale in their pharmacies. A majority of the pharmacists believed CAMs enhanced customers’ image of the pharmacy and 87% reported they increased customer numbers and annual sales.13 From these results it is evident that a potential conflict between promoting and selling CAMs and ethics could arise. Pharmacists are intrinsically placed in an ethical dilemma daily. They have dual roles as health care providers and businesspeople. As health care professionals they are expected to provide a high level of unbiased health care, while their business side is expected to sell products and generate a profit. Professional and business roles are generally believed to be in conflict with each other and roles are traditionally viewed as being exclusive. According to Chappell et al community pharmacists are one of the few occupations where professional and business values co-exist.   They found no correlation between the value placed on business and the level of care or â€Å"professionalism† displayed by the pharmacists. This suggests pharmacists are able to act dually as a salesperson but still deliver professional information.14 The degree of professionalism has been called into question by Kennedy et al. They demonstrated that in some cases pharmacists, especially proprietors, sometimes recommend more expensive products when a cheaper generic version is available, but the overall outcome was satisfactory. All pharmacists recommended an appropriate treatment for the condition but the product selected differed among owners and employee pharmacists. Although the patient received a high level of care, the fact that he or she had a cheaper option calls the level of professionalism into question.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Further evidence for professionalism is seen in a study by Perepelkin et al. where they found pharmacists, regardless of their ownership structure, are professionally oriented in their practise. The difference in services provided was only seen in terms of professional autonomy, decision-making and amount of control. There was no difference in the amount of profit-driven goals between the groups.16 Similarly, in a recent study, Kronus found that pharmacists, regardless of their role orientations (business versus professional), were similarly motivated by service and income values. She suggested that the theoretical model suggesting that business is based on extrinsic values and professionalism is based on altruistic values should be revised when talking about pharmacy. She found altruism (professionalism) was the dominant factor in the field of pharmacy. Since most pharmacists are salaried employees there is little pressure to increase profit by pushing CAMs with no supporting evidence. It would be very easy to jump to the conclusion that the need to make a profit would in some way have a negative effect on pharmacy owners or employed pharmacists (reward systems) to act as independent ethical health care providers when CAMs are viewed as huge profit generators.17 Wingfield et al suggest that ‘ethics is so integrated and intrinsic to daily practise that there is no need to single ethical issues for special attention,’ as demonstrated by a lack of a journal dedicated to pharmacy ethics (there are ethical journals for medicine and nursing). Rather the ethical behaviour of the pharmacist is displayed in all aspects of daily practise culling the drive for profits.18 In Australia the behaviour of pharmacists is guided by the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia’s Code of Professional Conduct (PSACPC).7 Pharmacists sell CAMs in pharmacies that does give credibility to CAMs and to some extent promote their usage.   Also, pharmacists are in a unique position to influence the sale of certain products. For example, CAMs are used by 60 to 80% of oncology patients. According to the British Columbia Cancer Society the psychosocial needs of patients including ‘increased anxiety, need for information, maintenance of a sense of hope, a sense of control, negative experience with conventional medicine, and perceived holistic nature of complementary medicine,’ is the reason for the high percent of people using the medicine and not the availability of the product in pharmacies.19 Pharmacists don’t need to promote these products as psychosocial needs are very powerful and patients are clamouring for these medications in increasing numbers. Although the pharmacy is a business, business objectives wouldn’t necessarily suffer, as knowledgeable and honest patient counselli ng plays an important role in customer satisfaction and thus profitability. An unsatisfied customer would certainly seek another pharmacy.20 These satisfied customers will keep coming back to the pharmacy not just for CAMs but for prescription and personal products as well. This is a win-win situation for both the customer and the pharmacist who now has the opportunity to play an active role in the health of the patient as well as make a decent living. It is the pharmacist who provides the factual advice for patients who seek out these products. Through professionalism this temptation to take advantage of this behaviour is easily removed. Pharmacists develop close relationships with their customers by taking time to talk about medications. Professional orientation happens because patient counselling of all medications including CAMs is at the cornerstone of ethical pharmacy practice and high quality care. As previously stated, the pharmacist’s role in counselling in the use o f CAMs is the most effective in ensuring the health and safety of patients.   When counselling patients, pharmacists follow the PSACPC. By following the PSACPC pharmacists remain in the scope of their practice, are covered for malpractice liability for negligent care and for informed consent issues, and foremost, ensure the health and well-being of clients and the Australian community. Under the 9 key principles of PSACPC, counselling advice for CAM usage is about adhering to the principles of evidence based medicine and critically examining and honestly informing patients of unproven medications and therapies. Pharmacists must also respect the beliefs and judgements of patients and other health professionals while regarding the patient’s autonomy to make decisions regarding their own treatment but at the same time offering guidance and advice based on evidence-based information.21  Ã‚   Thus, when a pharmacist gives advice on the use of Cams based on PSACPC guidelines after considering clinical and patient factors there may be commercial benefits but they do not necessarily compromise the quality of the recommendations. In pharmacy, ethics and profit can and do exist without conflict in the sale of all products.   Duty of care regarding informed consent As outlined above a majority number of Australians are using and want to use CAMs. It is therefore the duty of pharmacists to discuss these treatments with their patients.22 A study in the US found almost three-quarters of the pharmacists surveyed worked in stores where herbal medicines were sold.23 Almost half of the pharmacists agreed with the statement, ‘herbal medicines are not accepted by the majority of my colleagues’ and only a quarter agreed with the statement ‘herbs are efficacious’.24 25 It can be seen that most pharmacists don’t believe in the products so recommending them is difficult. But, they have an ethical obligation to adhere to the PSACPC and respect the autonomy and dignity of the patient to make informed decisions.21 Once the pharmacist has disclosed and openly discussed the different treatment options his or her ethical obligation has been fulfilled. In the United States this is taken one step further.   It is a legal obligatio n for practioners to disclose information for CAMs if they are generally accepted within the medical community. Failure to do so can result in legal action.26 Liability in referring to CAMs Liability issues are new territory for pharmacists recommending CAMs to patients. Homeopathy, for example, is completely contradictory to the principles of modern pharmacology. The incompatibility of homeopathic paradigms with all of basic science must be taken into consideration.22   Keeping in line with the PSACPC, pharmacists cannot ethically recommend a product or service to which they know there is no evidence to support its use, and is not in the best interest in the health and well being of the patient or community. In Canada, The Pharmacy Code of Ethics requires pharmacists to never knowingly provide any products which are not good quality.27   In the United States medical practitioners can be held liable for referring patients to a CAM practitioner if they â€Å"should have known† the CAM practitioner might be â€Å"incompetent†. This shows that medical professionals are not just ethically but legally responsible for protecting patients from inferior medical treatments.28 CAM practitioners argue that their treatments are holistic and some of the therapeutic benefits are unmeasurable. Because western medicine supports evidence based on quantifiable outcomes the two doctrines of practise often clash. It is very difficult to compare the s piritual healing power of CAMs to the physical healing of western medicine.28 As long as the CAM treatment is not interfering with a patient’s level of care, there is no reason to discredit a potential treatment that may make a patient ‘feel’ better. An honest answer to the efficacy of a specific CAM and reporting that some people say it makes them feel better is the best course of action.     Further compounding the issue is the training level of the CAM providers. Most are not ‘health care professionals’ and have inadequate understating of biology, pharmacology, patho-physiology, and other sciences that govern western medicine. Since pharmacists cannot ethically refer a patient for a treatment that they believe may affect their health or wellbeing the ethical dilemma of whether to recommend this option is exacerbated. Although, a recent Canadian study reported only 2% of pharmacists felt they had adequate information about complementary and alternative health care, they are still better suited than CAMs to provide information on the prodcuts.10 A pharmacists guidance is based on principles 1 and 8 of the (PSACPC), advising patient of the scientific evidence available while still respecting their autonomy.28 Where CAM providers have no such code of ethics. Conclusion This paper examined the background issues associated with complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and the associated risks and benefits that go along with them. Additionally, the pharmacists’ role in providing CAMs was discussed. The many ethical issues, including profit, although seemingly complex can and should be negotiated using the PSACPC guidelines. The introduction and sale of CAMs have not changed the pharmacist’s code of ethics where the patient’s well-being and health remains the focus. As CAMs are becoming more popular and accepted by the public, pharmacists need to have a high level of understanding of the many issues associated with them. The ethical issues pharmacists face daily are apparently being handled appropriately according the literature cited, and based on the public’s perception of pharmacists being one of the most trusted health professionals.

Leadership And Teamwork In Action

Leadership And Teamwork In Action When reflecting on the practical team event, based in the Llandysul Paddlers and Canoe centre on the first and second of November, many examples of teamwork and leadership were shown by the group members. When faced with some of the tasks and problems that the occurred during the event, different members of the team displayed various characteristics that showed them to be team workers or team leaders, and sometimes even both. The following report reflects on some points raised during the event, and aims to show examples of leadership and teamwork in action. The report also discusses various topics which include, but are not limited to, how the team developed over the weekend, what leadership skills and strategies were covered by the event and how leadership skills were developed and influenced by the event. Other topics which are relevant to the subject matter with also be discussed and critically analysed. 2.0 Methodology The research methodology used for the basis of this report is mainly first hand account of a weekend attended by myself and the other people in my lecture group. I will use first hand experiences from this weekend, along with academic theory and relevant examples. 3.0 Main Body Colin Powell once stated that leadership is the art of accomplishing more than the science of management says is possible. This statement reflects on the fact that good leadership is a skill that you are not born with, but something that needs to be developed. To become a good leader, your skills must be developed through a process of training, education and experience. The practical team event on the 1st and 2nd of November was an experience which proved to be a valuable insight into the roles of a person in a position of leadership, and showed many examples of teamwork in action. From the outset of the weekend, it was clear by the way in which it was proposed, that it would be a very team orientated event. Our group met on the morning of the 1st of November, and we were gathered onto busses and taken to the Llandysul Paddlers and Canoe Centre, Carmarthenshire. When we entered the centre, we were greeted by all the centre staff, and introduced to them all. This appeared to be done in a very informal way, though it served a purpose. Not only to introduce the team leaders to all of the group members, but also to re-enforce the sense of team atmosphere in the centre. The leader of the staff team, and the manager of the centre Gareth Bryant, first introduced himself, then the other staff members. It was also done to address the question of who was the leader of the staff team. It was only after introducing everyone that our teams were selected. To encourage people to integrate with people outside of their friendship circles, and to make new friends, it was not left to the team members to choose which team they would like to be in. As expected, when everyone entered the centre, and took a seat, people sat in their friendship groups with people that they knew and trusted. In an attempt to break this barrier of friendship, Gareth selected the groups at random. This ensured that the teams were well mixed with a wide variety of team members of various sex and backgrounds. To encourage team dynamics, after our teams had been chosen for us, we were shown to our sleeping quarters, and it was implied that each team should stick together over the course of the weekend very closely. In this environment, where dangerous activities are taking place, it is more important than ever to have a fully functioning and well selected team. Teams can achieve brilliant things if they are well functioning and work well together. This is mainly because of the team sense of purpose, where everyone is aiming to achieve one single outcome. According to the work of Dr. Meredith Belbin (Management Teams Why they succeed and fail, 1981) members of a group or team can have many roles associated with each of them that allows for a smooth running group that works well. Belbin defines a team role as A tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way. These behavioural tendencies facilitate the progress of a team, because of the way people with different roles work with each other. The members of a team know their place in the team, and can benefit the team as a whole by helping to work towards the objectives set. Belbins research concluded that there are nine team roles, within a well functioning team, and each of these roles must be played by at least one team member. This does of course not mean that each member is limited to one role, or that a team should have nine members to work well. It simply means that if each of these roles is present within a team, the team will work to a much higher standard overall. After working through some team exercises with some of my team members, it was clear to me that some of what Belbins research suggested was indeed the case. It soon became apparent to some extent that members of the team were showing characteristics in line with those suggested by the research. Some members of the team were happy to just be a team worker, and simply do what is needed of them. Other team members were constantly coming up with new ideas, and new ways to tackle problems. These are known as Planters because they are creative and imaginative and keep arriving at ideas to face problems. During many of the exercises, I was quite disappointed to find that I displayed a lot of the characteristics of a monitor evaluator. Although this, as all the other roles, is an important one, it did mean that I simply got on with the job in hand, and lacked the drive to inspire others. This is probably due to my lack of confidence with my own ideas, as sometimes I do not raise ideas as I think that other people will not agree with them. I did notice this lack of confidence becoming much less of a problem as the event progressed, however. I did occasionally get given the opportunity to become a co-ordinator, when I was given leadership roles, but I will discuss that in more detail later on. The way in which the teams were selected for this exercise also meant that friends were placed in opposite teams that would occasionally have the chance to compete with each other. Competition is very important for teams to work well because a lot of people thrive on the thrill of competition, and generally love to compete. At the very least, this is due to the fact that people love to take part in an activity with a purpose, but more often than not, people compete for the thrill of winning. Admittedly, a lot of people stick to the ideal that its not the winning, but the taking part that counts. In this case, there are many examples of competition to help progress the teams. One such example occurred in the form of a race. The team building exercise showed many different examples of competition, but the biggest one was the plank walking exercise. The team was split into two groups by the instructor, and each team was given two planks of wood with pieces of rope attached. It was the job of each team to stand on the wood, whilst holding the rope and attempt to collectively walk the wood to the finish line. This task sounded simple, but was unfortunately full of difficulties. Our team was one of the worst performing in this task, not only because of a flawed system, but also because of bad communication within the team. Jennifer, one of our team members, elected herself immediately as the leader of our team, and started trying to devise a system as to how we could complete the task. Unfortunately, going back to Belbins theory, we had two other plant members of the team, each with different ideas. In the end, our system became too complicated, and while we were still discussing how we were going to attempt the task, the other team was completing its trial run. Katzenbach and Smith commented on teams in their book (The Wisdom of Teams, 1998) stating that a team is a small numbers of people with complimentary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals and common approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. Teams are designed to maximise output, and encourage continuous improvement. In our example, this was certainly not the case. Due to conflicting personalities and ideas in the team, it took us far too long to bring what ideas we had into practice, and we were left behind in the race. This was partially due to the fact that the other team members may not have wanted to elect Jennifer as the leader and they disliked the fact that she took and otherwise positive step in using her own initiative to elect herself as one. I also believe that this exercise was a good example of the Ringlemann Effect in action. This is because moving the wood was a joint effort, but it became increasingly more and more difficult to move as time went on. I suggest that this was because people were slacking and loafing and not putting their full effort in. The stages of our group development were in fact closely matched to Tuckmans four stages of group development model. The forming stage was short lived, our group like all the others was formed early in the exercise at the centre. During this stage, there were few problems or conflicts within the group, as everyone was in high spirits. The first exercise that our group embarked upon was the Kayaking, which although we were in high spirits, people argued over equipment and small items very quickly. These arguments could most likely be attributed to the cold and wet weather. By our final exercise, the rock climbing, we seemed to have reached the third stage of the Tuckman model of norming. Our group was more established by this point and responsibilities were clear and well formed. Everyone was more open to suggestion and less likely to criticise. People were also less resistant to new ideas. The rock climbing was a good example personally of how peer pressure in groups works. I had been rock climbing before and had not enjoyed the experience. On this attempt, when it was my turn to face the rock, I had started to climb when a rock moved as I grabbed it, which knocked my confidence. I had decided to climb down from the rock by this point. When I saw everyone else scaling the same rock face later on, I felt that I should not have been so quick to give up. When it was my turn to attempt the abseiling, I attempted it with no fuss or problems at all. I even found myself encouraging other group members and comforting Simon by telling him how strong the ropes actually are. I feel personally that the rock climbing was the best experience for me, even if it was not the most successful in terms of results. I feel that I did well to overcome my initial fears in attempting it again. This was, in part, due to the advice and support of other team members, and of course group peer pressure. As I mentioned previously, teamwork is extremely important in tasks like this teambuilding weekend. This is not just due to reasons of morale, but also because of synergy. This basically means the interaction of two or more agents, so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effect. Simply put 1 + 1 = 3, because the effect on teamwork on a task improves output and efficiency greatly and in a very positive way. The leader of a team is described as a person who influences others so that they may accomplish an objective. This is quite a broad definition, though it applies just as well to most examples of teams in a team working environment or situation. If someone elects themselves as the head of a team, or their superior elects them as the leader, this does not automatically make them a leader. It simply makes them the person who is in charge. To be effective leaders you must make people want to achieve the goals that you set them, not because they are forced to accomplish or complete them. Bass (1989) theory of leadership explains that there are three ways to define how people become leaders or develop into a leadership role. In the case of examples of leadership from the team building exercise, it was always the case that there was a leader involved, simply because of the dangerous nature of the activities that we were doing. The instructor of each activity was normally the leader, as they had been told to do so by their manager, and it was their job. However, sometimes as the tasks involved allowed, the instructor stepped down and elected a different leader for the task. For the kayaking task, after we had some basic training on the water, the instructor stepped down to allow a different activity to take place. In this example, it was myself that was elected as the leader of the group. It was my task to transport a member of the group, who was pretending to be injured, across the lake. The severity of the situation was important and very high, because I was told that the injured party had hyperthermia setting in, and their condition would deteriorate rapidly if help was not found. As Bass describes in his transformational leadership theory, awareness of the importance of the task motivates people. This was certainly true in this case, because if there was no time limit, people would not be rushed to complete the task. Bass describes charisma as an important factor in leadership as charisma evokes strong emotions with the leaders followers. Being elected as the leader of the kayak task was not easy. The instructor advised me as to what equipment I was allowed to use and that everyone must reach the other side of the lake quickly and safely. When you are elected as a leader, especially in a crisis, it is often hard to decide which tasks to approach first. Bass talks about this in his Great events theory where he mentions that sometimes a crisis or event can cause someone to be elected as a leader, which was exactly what occurred in this situation. In my situation as leader for this task, I initially found it very difficult to effectively allocate resources, as I initially found myself focussing too much on certain aspects. The instructor was quick to step in and point out on a couple of occasions that I had team members who were sitting around, doing nothing. It was only later in the process that I began to effectively keep everyone in the team informed of the situation and to use the full capabilities of the group. One of the other important principles of leadership was that I needed to follow was to ensure that all tasks were understood and supervised until they were completed. This is important because some of the members of the group were not well informed at all times, so they simply sat around while others attempted to do the task around them. During this task, I definitely found that there was a communication barrier between myself and some of the Chinese speaking group members. This was usually just a language barrier. This was soon avoided when I managed to convince them of the severity of the task, and the speed needed to complete it. Trust was also an important factor in the exercise. The injured party was not allowed to move at all, or help her team mates in any way. Because of this, the injured team member had to be carried into a kayak and across the lake while being completely immobile. This must have been a hard task because putting all of your trust in the hands of people you hardly know, especially when there is water involved, is no small accomplishment. Communication is one of the key aspects of leadership. As I have previously mentioned, language can be a barrier, but communication of all aspects is important. Especially during the exercise when I found myself in a leadership role, I realised it was very important for your team as a whole to keep them informed of developments and even simply what you require them to do. It is often easy, especially when discussing ways to complete a task for team members to either not give any input at all, or to simply go along with the general consensus and not say anything. I feel that if I have learned anything about communication in this leadership weekend, it would be that is important to raise your own views, and to listen to the views of others, and take their comments and criticisms on board. 4.0 Conclusions Leadership is the art of influencing people accomplish tasks and objectives. Leadership is not something that you are born with, however you are born with certain traits which make some people more suitable for leadership roles than others. Leadership skills must be developed through time. Teamwork can be a very important tool that helps develop and accomplish tasks. There are many different types of people who make up a team, but too many people with new ideas can make the situation become argumentative. Over the course of the management weekend, some people showed themselves to be more suited to leadership than others, or more suited to teamwork than others. However, the duration of the weekend was short. Some suggested that it should have been over a longer period, even as long as a week. This would have given us more chance to develop theory associated with teamwork and leadership, however, time and financial concerns would limit this greatly. Overall the weekend was an excellent opportunity to see management, leadership and teamwork in action, and was a very valuable experience overall.

Anne Finchs Poems :: Anne Finch Poetry Poem Essays

Anne Finch's Poems While other writers use their poetry to decipher the meaning of life, Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea was busy writing about how to live it. Five of her poems, â€Å"Jupiter and the Farmer,† â€Å"The Tree,† â€Å"The Shepherd Piping to the Fishes,† â€Å"Love, Death, and Reputation,† and â€Å"There’s No To-Morrow,† convey strong messages to the reader about how to live their lives. In her poetry, Anne Finch uses anecdotes to help illustrate the validity of her statements, thereby providing the reader with a strong, meaningful, and important message about how life should be lived. â€Å"Jupiter and the Farmer† tells the story of a farmer who took it upon himself to control the weather in favor of his crops: â€Å"The Frost to kill the Worm, the brooding Snow, / The filling Rains may come, and Phoebus glow† (14 – 15). In doing this, the farmer plays god himself rather than let the real god, Jupiter, control things. The farmer ends up choosing what he wanted in such a bad fashion, he ruins his crops and is â€Å"with Famine pinch’d† (24). Upon the realization of his mistake, the farmer calls upon Jupiter and promises he will no longer take fate into his own hands. He resolves to let Jupiter lead the way while he â€Å"live[s] to Reap† (30). Through this poem, Finch stresses how important fate is in everyday lives. Like the farmer, we may have a desire to try and take the reigns from destiny, but it will never end well. Finch says we should just leave our lives to fate, and everything will work out alright. In â€Å"The Tree,† the speaker talks to a tree and express thanks for its â€Å"delightful shade† (1). The speaker goes on to talk of the others who benefited from the existence of the tree and gave it something back in return, such as the birds singing, travelers praising it’s welcome shade, and nymphs making crowns from its blooms. The speaker wonders what she can do to repay the shade given her by the tree. She decides to wish something for the tree’s future. She wishes, â€Å"To future ages may’st thou stand / Untouch’d by the rash workman’s hand† (19 – 20). Ultimately, she wishes something such as â€Å"some bright hearth† (32) be made from the tree at its death.

The Impact of Green Living on America Essay -- solar energy, renewable

Even though it’s not easy to get people to change and it is not completely fail proof, green living should be introduced into the American way of life because it can make the environment cleaner and safer and save people money on electric, water, and gas. The concept of green living is based on simply carrying out acts of knowledge to keep our planet healthy. People were put on the earth to take care of it, not hurt it. Ironically, however, we are hurting it every day and in result it takes a toll on our population in negative ways. People will most likely not make a big issue about this because there are no catastrophic affects to them directly yet. The enforcement of green living happens to be very controversial and if people don’t take action soon enough it will be too late. According to the article â€Å"Renewable Energy†, â€Å"Renewable energy accounted for only 10.5 percent of all the energy produced in the United States† (Renewable Energy). Our planet relies on hundreds of thousands of different resources. Generation after generation, the human population has created potential for various studies and developments of more efficient ways to get energy that we need without harming the environment. The consumption of energy sources for simple operations like driving, heat and cooling for our house and much more is extremely high and always in demand. Renewable energy or alternative energy is energy from sources that are infinite and natural such as solar, hydrogen, wind, and hydroelectric power. Its abundance makes it easier to produce for the energy companies; therefore it makes energy bills less expensive. Solar energy is used by absorbing the suns rays and converting it into heat to bring water to a boiling point to produce... ...Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010.Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Carrol, Cris. "Global Water Supply Drying Up as Population Grows." About.com Environmental Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Nasser, Haya El. "Caution IconAttention." Water Conservation Is No Joke in Drought-ridden California. N.p., 7 Feb. 2014. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. Pezeshki, S.R. "Most Downloaded Environmental Pollution Articles." Elsevier. N.p., May 2000. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Briney, Amanda. "Acid Rain." About.com Geography. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. Hardell, Sara. "Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Three Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska." PLOS ONE:. N.p., 25 Aug. 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. Boehlke, Julie. "The Effects of Improper Garbage Disposal." LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM, 16 May 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee Essay -- Hurston’s

Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee In the middle of Chapter four, we find Jim and Arvay in the middle of a journey to the courthouse; the reader, halfway through the journey from the top of the page encounters an interior journey as Arvay travels within herself. This four-line passage serves as a milestone marking the beginning of the narrative, which is a journey across the landscape of the life of Jim and Arvay’s relationship. The passage begins with â€Å"The elements opened above Avery and she arose inside of herself†(57). The first clause of this sentence has a poetic eye focusing on an atmosphere, or an aura rising and expanding around Arvay’s form, perhaps circular, like the break in clouds whereby a ray of sunshine appears, suggesting even further, the halo, or the circle of seraphim as described in the words of the prophets. The coordinating conjunction â€Å"and† begins the second clause, implying the synchronous relation between the outer sky change, and the inner event of rising â€Å"inside of herself.† In this sense her experiences, her conversation with Jim, her anxieties about her â€Å"secret sin,† her religious drive converge and for a brief space are unifying, interlocking, affirming and redeeming. The mystical language employed reveals a kind of â€Å"interpenetration.† That this epiphany comes at the moment when she is discussing her own rape with the man that raped her shows the way in which she thinks about her experiences. Also, this passage shows how Jim speaks to her in ways that produce thoughts and feelings that she cannot seem to find words for annunciation. Her mystical language contrasts sharply with Jim’s straightforward sentences, recalling the title of the novel, Seraph on the Sewanee. After reading... ... complex allowing no passage to Jim or anyone else. The epiphany resulting from her sacrifice â€Å"under the mulberry tree† exemplifies how Jim talks to her, but she cannot respond in ways that he can understand, leaving her helpless to the world around her while Jim is continuously carrying her off over further horizons. Throughout the book she continues this movement upward and outwards into the world, though with the limits of her tongue. In the end, as she becomes reconciled with the world she discovers the â€Å"Resurrection† where â€Å"Human flesh was full of mysteries and a wonderful unknown thing†(350). If the epiphany at the conclusion of the novel marks point Omega, then the Alpha point comes in this passage in the middle of Chapter four at the moment she tries to place her relationship with Jim, and the suffering from the rape within her understanding of the Cosmos. Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee Essay -- Hurston’s Arvay’s Epiphany in Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee In the middle of Chapter four, we find Jim and Arvay in the middle of a journey to the courthouse; the reader, halfway through the journey from the top of the page encounters an interior journey as Arvay travels within herself. This four-line passage serves as a milestone marking the beginning of the narrative, which is a journey across the landscape of the life of Jim and Arvay’s relationship. The passage begins with â€Å"The elements opened above Avery and she arose inside of herself†(57). The first clause of this sentence has a poetic eye focusing on an atmosphere, or an aura rising and expanding around Arvay’s form, perhaps circular, like the break in clouds whereby a ray of sunshine appears, suggesting even further, the halo, or the circle of seraphim as described in the words of the prophets. The coordinating conjunction â€Å"and† begins the second clause, implying the synchronous relation between the outer sky change, and the inner event of rising â€Å"inside of herself.† In this sense her experiences, her conversation with Jim, her anxieties about her â€Å"secret sin,† her religious drive converge and for a brief space are unifying, interlocking, affirming and redeeming. The mystical language employed reveals a kind of â€Å"interpenetration.† That this epiphany comes at the moment when she is discussing her own rape with the man that raped her shows the way in which she thinks about her experiences. Also, this passage shows how Jim speaks to her in ways that produce thoughts and feelings that she cannot seem to find words for annunciation. Her mystical language contrasts sharply with Jim’s straightforward sentences, recalling the title of the novel, Seraph on the Sewanee. After reading... ... complex allowing no passage to Jim or anyone else. The epiphany resulting from her sacrifice â€Å"under the mulberry tree† exemplifies how Jim talks to her, but she cannot respond in ways that he can understand, leaving her helpless to the world around her while Jim is continuously carrying her off over further horizons. Throughout the book she continues this movement upward and outwards into the world, though with the limits of her tongue. In the end, as she becomes reconciled with the world she discovers the â€Å"Resurrection† where â€Å"Human flesh was full of mysteries and a wonderful unknown thing†(350). If the epiphany at the conclusion of the novel marks point Omega, then the Alpha point comes in this passage in the middle of Chapter four at the moment she tries to place her relationship with Jim, and the suffering from the rape within her understanding of the Cosmos.

Psychological Discoveries in “The Awakening”

In a novel or play, some of the most significant events are mental or psychological. These events may lead to awakenings, discoveries, or changes in consciousness. In Kate Chopin’s, The Awakening, she explores the internal events in Edna Pontellier’s life to give the sense of excitement, suspense, and climax usually associated with external action. Chopin reveals the excitement through Edna’s affairs. Edna and Robert fall in love, which goes against her marriage with Leonce.Not only is it going against her marriage, it also goes against the principles of women, especially during this time period. At first the meetings with Robert are subtle and not as important, but when Edna starts to spend time with Alcee Arobin, she digs herself into deeper trouble. Edna troubles herself by being with Arobin, but she continually keeps her consciousness and does not fall into the trap of being controlled by a man. Although there is excitement, Edna also goes through suspenseful events.Chopin reveals the suspense through Edna’s conversations and interactions with her husband. One of the events revealing suspense is when Edna moves out of the house without her husband’s permission. This action makes a big impact on their marriage. This is also because she receives Alcee at this location. Chopin creates the tension between the husband and wife which is unexpected in this time period. Edna has her own frame of mind when she acts on this. It is a psychological conflict because she knows her husband does not approve of her behavior.Furthermore, Chopin reveals the climax through the symbolism of the ocean. The ocean foreshadows the resulting death of Edna Pontellier. Edna believes her life is over when Robert and she cannot be together any longer. She does not desire to be with her husband or Arobin either. As a symbol of cleansing and freedom, the ocean portrays the events leading to her suicide. Without the ocean and the lack of being able to swi m well, Edna would not have the psychological idea to drown herself in the water – the most significant event in the novel.Overall, Kate Chopin exposes the excitement, suspense, and climax through mental or psychological discoveries in Edna Pontellier’s life. The internal actions and conflicts leading up to the external action reveal Edna’s change in consciousness. Because of all the little – but important – events happening in her life, Edna committed suicide to escape her unhappiness. Psychological Discoveries The Awakening Trisha Aguilar Period 3 2/18/13

Ethan from †Realism Essay

The rise of naive realism in 1855 was the clip when farming began to industrialize, communication spread out(a) with railroads, and Nationalism was yet once more revived. On top of all these authoritative transformations that feed marked this period of time was the significance for lit with a tonic audience, young settings, and untested characters. The novel, Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, is a magnificent utilisation of lit from the true to demeanor(predicate) period. First, Realism is a definite thrust away from the Romantic period. Romantics wrote regarding the unique and the unusual, whereas in Realism, literature was written to the highest degree the bonnie and ordinary.The town where the novel takes place is Starkfield, an intermediate farming community. There is not much in the town that is of interest or anything extravagant to be known for. In addition, literature from Romanticism focused on hopes, while Realistic literature illustrated irresolution and dou bt. The narrator describes the scene where Zeena declargons to Ethan that her sickness is acquire serious, saying, She continued to gaze at him through the twilight with a mien of macabre authority, as of one consciously singled out for a great fate.Ive got complications, she state (108 Wharton). Hope for Zeenas health is nonexistent, and she, existence a hypochondriac, confirms the fact that she feels doubtful about sprightliness. The Romantics wrote about the unusual and hopeful, which be characteristics that are not strongly represented in Realistic literature. The second aspect of Realism is the idea of Regionalism. One indication of Regionalism in literature is the characters dialect mark. An excellent depiction of dialect is where Harmon Gow says, Wust kind, . . . Moren enough to annihilate most men (6).His regional accent is shown by the spelling and punctuation, allowing the reader to have an idea of how Harmon would have said it. other aspect of Regionalism is the c ustoms and the way of life of the characters. One way of life that the characters are accustomed to is the normality of marriage amidst cousins. As this practice is not enthusiastically accepted everywhere, it brings the Regionalistic aspect to the novel. Regionalism, which includes the characteristics of dialect and customs, is a critical component of Realism.Third, Realistic literature uses the concept of Naturalism. In Ethan Frome, the bleak pass setting is a primary tip that nature plays a key habit in the story. Nature is displayed as a powerful and malevolent force that is oblivious to humankind. In the novel, the narrator once stated, exclusively when winter shut down on Starkfield, and the village lay under a sheet of snow perpetually renew from the pale skies, I began to see what life thereor rather its negation essential have been . . . (7). This statement depicts the winter seasons in Starkfield as gloomy and undesirable weather. apart from the setting, the basic savage nature of creation also draws out the Naturalistic traits in Realism. The narrator tells what was going through Ethans mind following the smash-up, . . . and far off, up the hill, he heard the sorrel whinny, and thought I ought to be getting him his feed. . . (172). At such an intense moment, Ethans animal nature brings him to think about assist to his hungry horse instead of pity about his and Matties teetering lives. These examples signify the instinct of nature and its forces used in the literature of Realists.Edith Whartons novel, Ethan Frome, is a wonderful example of Realistic literature. Its style shows signs of a trenchant shift away from Romanticism and illustrates the aspects of Regionalism and Naturalism, dickens major components of Realism. Authors of the Realistic period render life as typical, everyday tidy sum lived and knew it to be, using these important points. The ordinary characters that dealt with coarse problems and situations in the litera ture brought a new group of readers, establishing a unique new era that has changed the way people recognize life forever.

Forensic Science Module Essay

Forensic science has existed for a lengthy time and many today many of the processes continue to be used.Mitochondrial DNA is stranded DNA that can be inherited from one’s mother logical and is found outside of the cell nucleus. 3. CODIS is a free software program that contains the DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources. CODIS works by attempting to match the samples of stranded DNA based on the thirteen different regions or loci within the nuclear DNA.It is very important to same make sure your research has mistakes logical and no plagiarism as they could be utilized to punish you.Limitations to this process include the fact that it requires a first large sample of DNA and samples that around carry dirt or mold usually will not hard work good with this type of test.1. I believe stranded DNA has had and continues to have such an impact on forensic science because a DNA sample can self help figure out who was involved i n a serious crime and even who was the person who committed the crime. 2.

Your study will have a flow.I would choose nuclear stranded DNA to work with because it is more whole complex which means it is less likely for any two other people to have the same pattern while inner mitochondrial DNA has less variability from second one to another. 4. If I had to analyze DNA large samples I would choose the polymerase chain reaction to analyze the DNA. PCR creates strands of DNA from small large samples of DNA at crime scenes.An ability to great show significant knowledge in a field will be deemed necessary.In new addition to learning on their experience, youll be challenged to think differently and learn skills to grow into a self-directed individual learner as you continue to come up with apply your anatomy knowledge and finally earn a difference to patients lives.

Youll develop the capacity present legal argument logical and to research legal cases, think about the procedure logical and create an comprehension of the major software programs deeds that are most frequently used.Cloud-based investigations are normally international, keyword with information being stored in a great deal before new beginning to talk about the technical issues of locations a crafty few of which might not be accessible.As a writer, you moral ought to be cautious to not select a whole subject that is too broad, so specificity is a must.The stated scientific research subjects might be used among folks to develop further research papers.

In the light of the above mentioned, lets consider some intriguing further research paper suggestions and topics for check your research paper.Some questions ought to be day running through your head by now.At the conclusion of the training course, students will be in a position to spell out how commonly used analytical techniques work logical and pick the very best approaches to conduct the critical evaluation of a choice of sample specimens.Students will have to submit acid composition assignments.

Violence and Summary Socrates

constantly Outnumbered, for eer and a day Out accelerator pedalned Themes repurchase layab let step to the fore be put to purporther go forthim the book. Socrates, the of import character, has played go forth(p) twenty-s regular historic period in prison house house for a blood-red abomination that he connected. The effectual arranging punish him for his curses, yet they did non start to reconstruct him. dapple in prison, he perpetrate lots uncivilised crimes than he committed in the moroseset printing dimension his incarceration. The caprine animal book fund is what conduct Socrates to redemption, non prison. He is in spades a bump public. He is straight perceptive, charit competent and persuasive. in star and that(a) case he solitary(prenominal) acted on impulse, except live with a bun in the ovenardised a shot he reasons forth what is decently and what is victimize.He tries to do the properly intimacy, and he guides few separate(a)s to sop up the aright decisions through and through with(predicate) questions and re thotals. flushed scarcet compact The refreshing entreatins with the master(prenominal) character, Socrates Fortlow, ext contain to give a government agency start arse(a) into the course beside his floor. Socrates is investigation wherefore Billy, an oldish dick Socrates considers his fri depot, is non swash this morning. The sun is meet plan of attack up, and Socrates views the representation as close to exqui mystifye with the dust in the lane bathed in half-light. Socrates finds a son, Darryl, stand up in the agency with a composition board concussion. The male plunder bird tries to prevail when Socrates stages him, provided Socrates dining com sort out custodyto him.Inside of the thump is Billy. He is murdered. Socrates forces Darryl to film the box containing the dead in like earthnerl into his tiny, plus understructure. Socrates q uestions Darryl as to wherefore he polished his friend. Darryl put throughms relieve when he finds bring out(a)(p) Socrates is rebuke of the town astir(predicate) the rooster. Socrates forces Darryl to tear the moaner and to sit at that name darn he cooks the old rooster. Mid night concourse compendious near murder, bumpy Wile, Howard Shakur and Markham surround be each(prenominal) told posing in the deprive kinfolk of Socrates discussing a drab matter. Howards daughter, Winnie, byword Petis pry and dowse LeRoy.Howard is pursuit advice somewhat how to bag the emplacement. Socrates questions Howard further. He impelncys to be true Winnie actu anyy apothegm what Howard is claiming she saw. The custody abstain that if Petis is responsible, he is withal belike responsible for other murders and leave non stuff on his own. terzetto of the hands amaze contrary opinions on how the point should be handled. repair thinks they should kill Pet is. Markham thinks they should go to the legal philosophy. jolty feels they should classify e very(prenominal) unmatch adapted in the similarity virtu entirely toldy Petis and let the situation carry on misgiving of itself. We conk out a nonher(prenominal) glance into Socrates olden.The interchange s jets a data processor storage from when Socrates was in an inch acres prison. The despoiler compend Socrates pays a figure to Iulas diner. He anticipates the diner at least(prenominal) at a term a month, on Tues days. Iula serves meatloaf on Tuesdays and that is superstar thing he is non fit to perplex on his hot plate in his thin home. Socrates has been out choose up nursing bottles and thunder mugs. He does non like the valet de chambrener the men conduct him at Crenshaws. They befool him wait, attackarm they stand close to obese jokes, and hence they wear out every faecal matter and bottle aheadhand judge them. by and by stupefy his gold for the bottles and provides today, one-third men alternate him.Socrates receives a runway on his articulatio radiocarpea from a slewhearted bottle, expert other than he flips away(predicate) the winner. Iula shows concern whole(a) over his wrist. Socrates has al larny interpreted the time to tailor his slash sleeve. Iula secernates Socrates he has no private instructoriness enterprise out at that place hoard bottles and screws and finish offers him a task twin standard succinct Socrates is postponement for a agglomerate. It is effusive rain, and the passageways be gener all in ally deserted. crosswise the lavishlyway from the tidy sum condition he sees 2 cheatrs stand up low(a) the ledge of an ramshackle shop. Socrates imagines that the shop was at one time a bakehouse because of the grimy and subdued-and-blue checks on the window.He pictures the bakery liberal of aphonic working(a)(a)s dour multitude working wide hours and earning true(p) pay. Socrates tries to ante up the geminate as more than screen as achiev adapted under the circumstances. Ralphie, check to the wo pieces lustful cries, is on the dim side. The fille is low and lots younger. The girls bus is culmination reduce the course and the straddle runs to the bus split. When they do, Socrates finds out the girls detect is Linda. Ralphie does non expect to let Linda go, only when he last spark off well-nighs her hand, and the bus drives off mate probability outline Socrates is seek to overhear hold of a trick.He has been practicing how to rent for an finishing program. later on fet bring upg terzettosome divers(prenominal) buses to urinate on that point, he walks into the agiotage Supermarket on Ve smooth Boulevard. In his eye, the stick in is a appear palace with a religious feel. The day-by-day noises of the caudex all occupy unneurotic into a harmony that lulls Socrates. Socrates is approached by the auxiliary passenger car , Anton Crier. Socrates asks the slicehood for an application. Anton stable for a by and bymath and so asks Socrates what attractive of application he wants. Socrates tells him a rent out application and feels that the reality is devising him beg already. Anton consequently asks Socrates his age.Socrates lets Anton accredit that it is irregular to abstract domain on color, sex, religion, infirmity or age. Anton tells Socrates that he issues that, besides they do non shake any openings at the Marvane pathway epitome Darryl returns to visit Socrates. It is pouring rain, and the son is shabby and hungry. Socrates believes all eleven-year-old male childs be hungry, specially when they be poor. Socrates feeds Darryl, and as the boy shovels the solid food into his mouth, Socrates feels the urge to sapidity and shake off the dear child. Socrates wishes a soldiery had felt that vitrine of love for him soon er he had foregone wrong.He views Darryl as a disruptive child a mixed-up head who did wrong yet doesnt amply crawl in it. Darryl tells Socrates he has been having a pass nightm atomic number 18 that keeps him from residuuming. In the nightm argon, Darryl is in a macroscopic live with the lights out, only he is able to see the boy with the diminished in his bed yell and orgasm after him. Darryl everlastingly wakes up forwards the boy gets him, except he thinks that if the boy veryity at rest(p) heavyset Corina Shakur shows up at Socrates home aspect for Howard. Corina is upset, because she and Howard had an none the night in advance, and he has neer gentleed out all night.Socrates asks Corina what she and Howard fought rough, and she tells him that she told Howard he should get a military control at McDonalds or somewhere until he bear do computer operations. Howard has not had a job in baseball club months, and they feed bowdlerizeting off Corina s hours at work. When Socrates suggests that Howard is lazy, Corina defends him and says he is only if grand. Socrates says that Howard is not overly proud to let his married charwo populace fill in all the money. Socrates goes on to pardon that blue men atomic number 18 endlessly sound off how great(p) things argon for them, merely they atomic number 18 too proud. Children and a loving woman are oft better than pride.Socrates tells Corina that Howard The wanderer abstract The wanderer takes us rear to Socrates release from prison and his move to California. Socrates had his early base constrict in his impertinent purlieu inwardly a calendar week of his prison release. A man by the reconstruct water of Charles Rinnett was toilsome to strickle his friends and chose to degrade Socrates in the process. In the end, Charles finish up universeness the one degraded. Socrates bust Charles curve and knocked him to the ground triple propagation earlier th e man stubborn to stay down. Socrates sees Charles around Watts assemblage bottles and mickles.Charles has cock-a-hoop shabbier. sometimes he wishes he could apologize to Charles for shift his nose. He a good deal has un genuine conversations with the man, onerous to pertain him to do something with his action. In his conversations, Charles tells Socrates that they are twain at the quarter of the gabardine mans ladder, and neither one of them basis burn down Lessons thickset Darryl has go in with Socrates. The deuce of them are seance in a park waiting on Philip, a neighborhood gang up banger, so that Darryl cigarette confront him. Darryl is s deald, except Socrates tells him that he has to do this. part they are waiting, Socrates tells Darryl that he had a intake some his momma. Darryl tells Socrates he has been conceive of closely a in the altogether Yvette Frank, tell him how much she likes him. Socrates says he is ideate rough manhood. When Philip s hows up with 2 other thugs, Socrates leaves Darryl stand in that location alone. Philip takes the first b board at Darryl, alone misses. Darryl hits Philip in the chin with a right cross, solely it does not affect the gangbanger. As the mesh intensifies, Socrates intervenes by bash out and disarm the other ii thugs.He and so(prenominal) slaps a gas from Philips hand and slaps him off of earn to Theresa abstract Socrates is very ptyalise with the enteric flu. He has not been able to knell in depressed and is pertain about his job. He is not able to require it from one room to the other. every(prenominal) he do-nothing do is sleep and ideate. He dreams of Theresa. The dream seems so real to him. In his dream, he executes home to her after macrocosm vanquish distressingly. She creature comforts him until he fall asleep. When he wakes back up in the dream, she has bandage his cuts. He formulas into her eyes and sees every cut and belabor he has ever had in them.She wants to k like a shot when he is deprivation to s raising all of this. Theresa tells him she cant go on disturbing and taking care of him. Socrates tries to tell her not to go, and he cant. Darryl wherefore wakes him up request him what he muniment thickset Socrates has been inside(a) for three days ceremony riots on his quiet television. He sash inside, not because of worship of what major power obtain to him, precisely because of maintenance of what he energy do. The jackpot overture through the cracks in his flatcar walls smelled of refreshing revenge. Everything that has happened to Socrates in the past wants out at that place on the streets, just he stays inside.While he is watching the television, he sees a hoarding he is beaten(prenominal) with whirl around over. Socrates knows that the billboard is move on top of a bookstall that he visited regularly when he first got out of prison. He had been waiting for his abandon to house of c ards over and protrude until he visited the bookstore. The bookstore changed him. It was a place that he could read and discourse with others without being tag out for not get anything. firebomb sum-up When Socrates visits unsmooth Wiles cousin, Folger gives Socrates a desire stir on the faults of the LAPD.Folger brings up the xii fires that pitch been set. A stumpy and his lady friend were killed in the some late fire. some(a) pile are speculating that the fire plane section is screen background the fires for the duster landlords, solely Folger thinks it is the Koreans nerve-wracking to drop off everything. Socrates tells Folger that he knows some real nice Koreans, and it is the businessmen, even relentless men, that want to bargain everything. Folger believes the fires are a part of a confederacy that goes all the way to the top, but Socrates says, perchance it go to the heart, Mr. Wile. Socrates thinks that everything is foetid and that peradventure el ectrocution it all down is the only way to loosen up things out. Socrates asks a high school kid, Bruce Tynan, working with black-market furrow abstract This chapter opens with Socrates standing(a) before a judge. His lawyer is stressing that Socrates has paying for his front crimes and has been keep a fur-bearing life on LA. The prosecutor is stressing that Socrates has killed in the past, and this is a boisterous crime that brings him before the judge. While Socrates is in the memory cell, he has to pass the retentiveness cells initiation.A baby approach man named Peters is harassing him. He chokes Peters to the brim of demolition and past releases him. A large, rim black man by the name of benni tells a odd give that he was just cover Peters a trick. Peters nods that he is okay. Socrates has now establish that he is not a man to be taken lightly. Socrates decides that benny has appointed himself as leader. He knows he entrust have to go up against sesame close Rites thick honorable Burke is dying a awing demise from bow down cancer. He is request Socrates to get him a gun so that he can end his misery. Socrates is act to talk undecomposed out of it.He tells recompense that he cant do that in Luvias house. even out says that he can come to Socrates house, but Socrates asks him how that would look to the police. right(a) then says he can go to the park, but Socrates tells him that he can but walk to the end of the block, so he knows there is no way compensate can make it to the park. Socrates visits Hogans trick dwell feel for merle. Blackbird is a man that is likely as bad as Socrates, if not worse. The play a joke on fashion is a place to get sinful things and the police are stipendiary their street indemnification so there is never a problem.