The Theme of Saints in Robertson Davies Fifth Business Essay -- Saint

The marvelous story of saints is one of the leading themes in Fifth Business. As the author Robertson Davies develops this theme through Dunstans excursion into hagiology, he often uses certain saints such(prenominal) as Saint Dunstan, as allusions. Among the Saints that the novel refers to, Saint Paul is the perfect allusion that portrays the character of Paul Dempster since the two parting strong similarities in their lives. Additionally, Saint Paul foreshadows Dunstans encounter with Paul Dempster.Saint Pauls sustenance is similar to Paul Dempsters life in many ways. Both of them develop their hatred from an early age. Saint Paul was a Jewish student who hated Christians whom he believed to be infidels. As he grows in status, he assists in persecuting them. Similarly, Dempster has an abhorrence for his mother and her inanity which made him the laughingstock in his town. He penalizes his mother for causing him to endure such ignominy by running away.Furthermore, their display of hatred also leads them to attain and sustain a second life. Saint Paul and Paul Dempster are both reborn in their life...

Vegetarian Essay -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

VegetariansGrowth problems. Animal population problems. Disease. These are all problemscaused by being a vegetarian, that is, one who only have vegetables. There aredifferent degrees of being a vegetarian. To one extreme, is a person who eatsnothing associated with animals (no yogurt, ice-cream, or even anything that hascome in pass on with meat or another animal). The opposite are those who justeat vegan most of the time and will still eat animal bi-products. Then in that locationare others who are in between.Being a vegetarian is not natural. Since the beginning of time, humans havebeen consuming animals. A vegetarians diet lacks energy, calcium, zinc, andvitamins (B-12 and D). Without supplements, severe medical problems rat arise.Also, those supplements are usually man made and do not require some ofsubstances, still un-identified, in meat.A carnivorous diet has always been in American history. Turkey is eaten onThanksgiving, not Tofu Surprise. Fish on Fridays, not salad. Po p and son wouldgo hunting in the winter for sassy game to eat, they wouldnt go picking berriesand roots. Those who could not or would not eat meat did not survive.Studies have been done by M. J. Lentze, a German who found that vegetarianismcauses impaired growth in children five years or younger. Vegan children evenfail to grow as well with supplements that exceed the Recommended DailyAllowance.It is unfeigned that many vegetables contain a high amount of protein...

Farewell To Arms: Religion Essay -- essays research papers

Religion in "A Farewell to Arms"     For hundreds of years, writers bugger off used religion as a principle issue and point of discussion in their novels. Hawthorne expressed his views in The Scarlet Letter, Garcia Marquez did the same in one Hundred Years of Solitude and in other writings, and even Ernest Hemingway used his writing to develop his own ideas concerning the church. This is fully evident in his novel A Farewell to Arms. Even in a book in which the large majority of the characters profess their atheism, the ideas of the church materialize repeatedly as both characters and as topics of conversations. Religion is presented through reflections of the protagonist "Lieutenant Henry," and through a series of encounters involving Henry and a character simply identified as "the non-Christian priest." Hemingway uses the treatment of the priest by the soldiers and by Henry himself to illustrate two ways of approaching religion in a s ituation in which God has no place, and employs these encounters among the priest and other characters as a means of expressing religious views of his own. Most evident to the reader is the strict difference amidst the priests relationship with Henry and that which he has with the other soldiers. Hemingway repeatedly emphasizes this in all sections of the book, even after Henry is injured, when he is completely isolated from the other soldiers. The first instance the reader sees of this is provided six pages into the novel. Hemingway writes, "That night in the mess after the spaghetti course . . . the captain commenced ointmenting on the priest" (6-7). Hemingways diction is suggestive "commenced" signifies non only that the soldiers began to pick on the priest, but that ridiculing the priest was their main activity prior to dinner as well as after. Almost the same scenario is portrayed only a few pages later "the meal was finished, and the argument went on. We two stopped talking and the captain shouted, Priest not happy. Priest not happy without girls." (14). The soldiers ridicule of the priest is once again highlighted when Henry, bed-stricken with his injury, asks the priest "How is the mess?" (69). The priest replies "I am still a great joke" (69). The reader sees an obvious pattern in the relationship between the priest and the others. Mo... ...igion and God that the reader will receive in the novel. God may or may not be there, but that doesnt affect, and certainly does not help, anyone in the book or in the war itself.     The views Hemingway presents in the novel at this point become, if not clear, at least more accessible to the reader. The priest no longer represents God. He does represent religion, for this is why he receives the verbal battery he does from the soldiers. But to Henry and to the reader he is simply other man with strong beliefs. God, in the novel, either does not exi st or is completely apathetic to the actions of man. The one religious icon the reader sees in the book, the St. Anthony necklace Catherine gives to Henry, is ignore and lost within twenty pages. Henrys strongest sense of devotion in the book is to Catherine, and in this way kip down for him is a "religious" feeling, but by no other definition of the word is this true. The priest nicely expresses Hemingways message when he says, "there in my country it is understood that a man may love God. It is not a dirty joke" (71). The frontlines are no place for religion. God has no place in war.

John Steinbecks East of Eden - Religious References :: East Eden Essays

Religious References in eastern of Eden   Religion constantly appears throughout Steinbecks East of Eden. Among these religious appearances are the similarities among the Cain and Abel story and the characters, the Hebrew word timshel, and the presence of God/Fate in the figment. First, East of Eden is a reenactment of the Cain and Abel tale. Many similarities are seen between the two. The title East of Eden comes from the biblical tale when Cain went out from the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod on the east of Eden (Steinbeck 352). The relationship between Abel and Cain, who killed Abel, is similar to those of disco biscuit and Charles, who once tried to kill Adam, and Aron and Caleb, who informed Aron of their mothers profession, an act which led to Arons death in World War I. Charles and Caleb shinny for their fathers affections in the same way in which Cain fought with Abel over the Lords attention. Also in the novel, the Cain characters ... are ide ntified by names beginning with C (Cyrus, Charles, Cathy, Caleb) and the Abel characters ... with A (Alice, Adam, Aron, Abra) (Lisca 269). Next is the word timshel-- gramsand mayest-- a Hebrew word spoken to Cain by the Lord if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him (Steinbeck 351). Lee discovers that the verb in this exit has been translated as both thou shalt rule over evil and do thou rule over evil.With the help of his Chinese elders and a Jewish Rabbi, Lee determines that the original meaning is thou mayest-- the word timshel ... gives a choice (398) or free will to mankind to commit good or evil acts. This word appears often in the novel and is important at the very end where Adams final timshel blesses and forgives Caleb and reminds him that even after his murder of his brother ... he can still choose his course and fight it through and win, meaning Caleb still has the chance to overcome the tendency f or evil which he believes he has inherited form his mother. (Gribben 96) One of the novels epiphanies is Lees translation of timshel to thou mayest. This translation puts choice into mans destiny. According to this view, we are not condemned we have a choice between good and evil.

Henry Ford :: essays research papers

total heat Ford was born on July 30, 1863 and died on April 7, 1947. Henry Ford was the son of William Ford, who had emigrated from Ireland in 1847 and settled on a farm in Dearborn, Michigan. Henry disliked farm life and had a natural readiness for machinery. When he was 15 he went to Detroit and trained as a machinist. Henry Ford began to experiment with a horseless carriage in 1890 and completed his first car, the quadricycle, in about 1896. During the following years he tried unsuccessfully to get it into production. In 1903 he launched the Ford Motor Company with a capital of $100,000 of which $28,000 was in cash. By the time he had formulated his ideal of production " The way to make automobiles is to make one automobile like another automobile, to make them each(prenominal) alike.He achieved spectacular success with the Model T Ford, introduced in 1809 and eventually produced in 1903 on the moving assembly line. Henry Ford was a major grade in the worlds automobile in dustry for the next 15 years. His production methods were intensively studied and he also startled the world instituting (1914) the then high pursue scale of $5 a day. Ford thus became a figure of legend, the native genius that could work miracles. He had considerable mechanical ability yet his conclusions were reached intuitively rather than logically. He ran as a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1918 and was narrowly defeated. In 1936 he and his son Edsel established the Ford Foundation, to which they bequeathed overmuch of the companys stock.Henry Ford became a victim of his own success in that he clung to the Model T too long, refusing to recognize that its popularity was fading, and consequently lost first rove in the automobile industry to General Motors in 1926. He had turned the presidency of the Ford Motor Company over to Edsel in 1919 but neer gave Edsel effective authority. Edsel struggled vainly against this situation, and the frustrations of his position undoubtedly contributed to his death at the age of 50. Edsels oldest son was released from the navy and made an executive vice-president.

Henry Ford :: essays research papers

Henry cover was born on July 30, 1863 and died on April 7, 1947. Henry Ford was the son of William Ford, who had emigrated from Ireland in 1847 and settled on a farm in Dearborn, Michigan. Henry disliked farm life and had a natural aptitude for machinery. When he was 15 he went to Detroit and trained as a machinist. Henry Ford began to experiment with a horseless carriage in 1890 and completed his first car, the quadricycle, in about 1896. During the following years he tried unsuccessfully to get it into production. In 1903 he launched the Ford Motor Company with a capital of $100,000 of which $28,000 was in cash. By the time he had formulated his ideal of production " The way to slay automobiles is to make one automobile like another automobile, to make them all alike.He achieved spectacular success with the modelling T Ford, introduced in 1809 and eventually produced in 1903 on the moving assembly line. Henry Ford was a major figure in the worlds automobile industry for the next 15 years. His production methods were intensively study and he also startled the world instituting (1914) the then high wage scale of $5 a day. Ford thus became a figure of legend, the native-born genius that could work miracles. He had considerable mechanical ability but his conclusions were reached intuitively rather than logically. He ran as a Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1918 and was narrowly defeated. In 1936 he and his son Edsel established the Ford Foundation, to which they bequeathed much of the companys stock.Henry Ford became a victim of his own success in that he clung to the Model T too long, refusing to recognize that its popularity was fading, and consequently lost first place in the automobile industry to General Motors in 1926. He had turned the governing body of the Ford Motor Company over to Edsel in 1919 but never gave Edsel effective authority. Edsel struggled vainly against this situation, and the frustrations of his position undoubtedly contributed to his death at the age of 50. Edsels oldest son was released from the navy and made an executive vice-president.

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34

33RIVERADuring the drive to Pine Cove, Rivera was nagged by the idea that he had forgotten something. It wasnt that he hadnt describe where he was going he had plotted that. Until he had physical evidence that there was a serial killer in the area, he wasnt saying a word. But when he knocked on the Elliotts preliminary threshold and it swung open, he suddenly remembered that his bullet-proof vest was hanging in his locker back at the station.He called into the house and waited for an answer. None came.Only cops and vampires suck in to have an invitation to enter, he thought. But there is probable cause. The part of his mind that functioned comparable a district attorney kicked in.So, Sergeant Rivera, the lawyer said, you entered a private manor hall based on a computer data base that could have been no more than than a mailing list?I believed that Effrom Elliotts name on the list represented a clear and present danger to a private citizen, so I entered the residence.Rivera dre w his revolver and held it in his right dedicate trance he held his badge out in his left.Mr. and Mrs. Elliott, this is Sergeant Rivera from the Sheriffs Department. Im coming in the house.He moved from room to room announcing his presence onwards he entered. The bedroom door was closed. He saw the splintered bullet hole in the door and felt his adrenaline surge.Should he call for backup?The D.A. said And so you entered the house on what basis?Rivera came through the door low and rolled. He lay for a moment on the floor of the empty room, feeling stupid.What at a time? He couldnt call in and report a bullet hole in a residence that he had probably entered illegally, especially when he hadnt reported that he was in Pine Cove in the first place.One step at a time, he told himself.Rivera returned to his unmarked car and reported that he was in Pine Cove.Sergeant Rivera, the dispatcher said, there is a message for you from Technical Sergeant Nailsworth. He said to tell you that Robe rt Masterson is married to the granddaughter of Effrom Elliott. He said he doesnt know what it means, but he thought you should know.It meant that he had to find Robert Masterson. He acknowledged the message and signed off.Fifteen minutes later he was at The Breezes trailer. The old pickup was gone and no one answered the door. He radioed the station and requested a direct patch to the Spider.Nailgun, can you cash in ones chips me Mastersons wifes home call in? He gave the trailer as residence when we brought him in. And give me the place where she works.Hold on, itll be just a second for her address. Rivera lit a cigarette while he waited. Before he took the second drag, Nailsworth came back with the address and the shortest route from Riveras location.It will weigh a little longer for the employer. I have to annoy the Social Security files.How long?Five, maybe ten minutes.Im on my way to the house. Maybe I wont need it.Rivera, there was a fire call at that address this morning . That mean anything to you?Nothing means anything to me anymore, Nailsworth.Five minutes later Rivera pulled up in front of Jennys house. Everything was c everywhereed with a gummy gray goo, a mix of ashes, flour, and water from the fire hoses. As Rivera climbed out of the car, Nailsworth called back.Jennifer Masterson is currently employed at H.P.s Cafe, off Cypress in Pine Cove. You want the phone tote up?No, Rivera said. If shes non here, Ill go over there. Its just a few doors exhaust from my next stop.You need anything else? Nailsworth sounded as if he was holding something back. No, Rivera said. Ill call if I do.Rivera, dont give about that other matter.What matter?Roxanne. Check on her for me.As soon as I can, Nailsworth.Rivera threw the radio mike onto the passenger seat. As he walked up to the house, he heard someone come on the radio singing a chorus to the song Roxanne in a horrible falsetto. Nailsworth had shown his weakness over an open frequency, and now, Rivera k new, the whole department would ride the fat mans humiliation into the ground.When this was over, Rivera promised himself, he would concoct a story to vindicate the Spiders pride. He owed him that. Of course, that depended on Rivera vindicating himself.The walk to the door cover his shoes with gray goo. He waited for an answer and returned to the car, cursing in Spanish, his shoes converted to dough balls.He didnt get out of the car at H.P.s Cafe. It was obvious from the darkened windows that no one was inside. His last chance was the Head of the Slug Saloon. If Masterson wasnt there, he was out of leads, and he would have to report what he knew, or, what was more embarrassing, what he didnt know, to the captain.Rivera found a parking place in front of the Slug behind Roberts truck, and after taking a few minutes to get his right shoe unstuck from the gas pedal, he went in.34U-PICK-EMThe Pagan Vegetarians for Peace called them the Sacred Caves because they believed that the spelunk s had once been used by Ohlone Indians for religious ceremonies. This, in fact, was not true, for the Ohlone had avoided the caves as much as possible due to the huge population of bats that lived there, bats that were inextricably locked into the destiny of the caves.The first human occupation of the caves came in the 1960s, when a down-and-out farmer named kor Styles decided to use the damp interior of the caves to cultivate picks. Homer started his trading with five hundred wooden crates of the motley used for carting soda bottles, and a half-gallon carton of mail-order mushroom spores total investment sixteen dollars. Homer had stolen the crates from behind the Thrifty-Mart, a few at a time, over the period of weeks that it took him to read the pamphlet Fungus for Fun and Profit, put out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.After filling the crates with moist peat and laying them out on the cave floor, Homer spread his spores and waited for the money to roll in. What Homer didnt figure on was the rapid growth rate of the mushrooms (hed skipped that part of the pamphlet), and within days he found himself sitting in a cave full of mushrooms with no market and no money to pay for help in harvesting.The solution to Homers business came from another government pamphlet entitled The Consumer-Harvested Farm, which had come, by mistake, in the same envelope with Fungus for Fun. Homer took his last ten dollars and placed an ad in the topical anesthetic paper Mushrooms, $.50 lb. U-PICK-EM, your container. Old Creek Road. 9?C5 daily.Mushroom-hungry Pine Covers came in droves. As fast as the mushrooms were harvested, they grew back, and the money rolled in.Homer spent his first bread on a generator and a string of lights for the caves, figuring that by extending his business hours into the evening, his profits would grow in proportion. It would have been a sound business move had the bats not decided to rear their furry heads in protest.During the day the bats had been content to hang out on the roof of the cave while Homer ran his business below. But on the first night of Homers extended hours when the bats woke to find their home invaded by harshly lit mushroom pickers, their tolerance ended.There were twenty customers in the caves when the lights went on. In an instant the air above them was a maelstrom of screeching, furry, flying rodents. In the rush to exit, one muliebrity fell and broke a hip and another was bitten on the hand while extracting a bat from her hair. The cloud of bats soon disappeared into the night, only to be replaced the next day by an equally dense cloud of landbound vermin personal-injury lawyers.The varmints prevailed in court. Homers business was destroyed, and once again the bats slept in peace.A gloomy Homer Styles went on a binge in the Head of the Slug. He spent four days in an Irish whiskey haze before his money ran out and Mavis Sand sent him to an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. (Mavis could tell when a man had hit bottom, and she felt no need to pump a dry well.)Homer found himself in the meeting room of the First National Bank, telling his story. It happened that at that same meeting a young surfboarder who called himself The Breeze was working off a court-ordered sentence he had earned by drunkenly crashing a 62 Volkswagen into a police cruiser and promptly cast on the arresting officers shoes.The farmers story touched off an entrepreneurial spark in the surfer, and after the meeting The Breeze cornered Homer with a proposition.Homer, how would you like to make some heavy bread growing magic mushrooms?The next day the farmer and the surfer were hauling bags of manure into the caves, spreading it over the peat, and dispersal a completely different type of spore.According to The Breeze their crop would sell for ten to twenty dollars an ounce instead of the fifty cents a flap that Homer received for his last crop. Homer was enraptured with the possibility of becoming rich. And he would have, if not for the bats.As the day of their first harvest neared, The Breeze had to take his leave of their plantation to serve the weekend in the county jail (the first of fifty the judge had not been amused at having barf-covered police shoes presented as evidence in his courtroom). Before he left, The Breeze assured Homer that he would return Monday to help with the drying and marketing of the mushrooms.In the meantime, the woman who had been bitten during the debacle of the bats, came down with rabies. County animal-control agents were ordered to the caves to destroy the bat colony. When the agents arrived, they found Homer Styles crouched over a tray of psychedelic mushrooms.The agents offered Homer the option of walking away and leaving the mushrooms, but Homer refused, so they radioed the sheriff. Homer was led away in handcuffs, the animal-control agents left with their pockets filled with mushrooms, and the bats were left alone.When The Breeze was released on Monday, he found himself in hunt of a new scam.A few months later, while incarcerated at the state prison in Lompoc, Homer Styles received a letter from The Breeze. The letter was covered with a fine yellow powder and read Sorry about your bust. Hope we can bury the hatchet.Homer buried the letter in a shoe box he kept under his bunk and spent the next ten years living in relative luxury on the profits he made from selling psychedelic mushrooms to the other inmates. Homer sampled his crop only once, then swore off mushrooms for life when he hallucinated that he was drowning in a sea of bats.

Consider the Importance of the Method of Narration Employed in Wuthering Heights Essay

Wuthering Heights is written by Emily Jane Bront and narrated by Ellen Dean (Nelly), a servant of both Catherine Earnshaw and her daughter, Catherine Linton. Emily Bront essential have thought she was the most convenient of characters to narrate this novel as Nelly was alive through each generation of both the Earnshaw and Linton families. Had someone like Catherine Earnshaw narrated the novel, it efficiency have finished at her death or would have switched narration. Also, this could have made the narration more bias, whereas Nelly, who st minacious plays a reasonably large procedure as she mixes with all the characters, witnesses and observes the goings on as an onlooker first hand.However, Nelly often interferes with the lives of the characters which could have altered the forth coming events. In my opinion, one of the key generation of her meddlesome attitude in the novel is reflected when she carries a letter between Heathcliff and Cathy Earnshaw who also receives permission to visit Cathy when she is ill-against Edgars wishes. She is often seen to be carrying letters between distinguishable characters which argon considered to be forbidden.On the other hand, she sometimes decides to hold onto information rather than pass it on, such as when Edgars wife Catherine becomes increasingly ill Nelly fails to inform him.A possible downfall to having Nelly as the narrator could be that her personal opinions are shown too much in the novel, creating a biased view. Her actions are also influenced by her opinions which again produce a bias outcome as she helps those characters she favours, such as the Earnshaw siblings she grew up with over Edgar. This concept is shown in her actions as she keeps some secrets to herself instead of revealing them to Edgar, like when his daughter and Haretons relationship grows and Nelly ignores it.

Ender’s Game Essay

In a world much different from ours, mavin with aliens and space propel lives a six-year-old boy from Earth. His name is Ender Wiggin and he is far from the ordinary. He is a third meaning that he was not supposed to be born due to bir affaire restrictions. Through the consideration of the government, his parents were permitted to have a third child. Due to his superior skills, he is chosen to attend battle school in assure to fight the buggers. In the process of becoming a leader in order to save the Earth, Ender is manipulated by Valentine, the teachers and Colonel Graff.This makes him a better soldier by go about many obstacles as an individual and making him self-sufficient. Valentine is Enders 8 year old sister, whom he loves very much. Later on in the book, she manipulates him so that he would be determined to save Earth. She herself was tricked into manipulating Ender by Graff, and later regrets it. Valentine manipulates Ender by writing him a letter that Graff had convin ced her to do. Ender, the Bastards wouldnt put any of my letters through till now. I must have written a hundred times further you must have thought I neer did. well I did. Some people might think that because youre being a soldier you are now a cruel and hard somebody who likes to hurt people, like the marines in the video, but I know that isnt true. You are nothing like you-know-who. Maybe you seem mean but youre not fooling me All my love turkey lips, Val. Dont write back theyll probably sikowanalize your letter (Card, pg. 150). Valentine is manipulating Ender by making him believe that he is not like Peter, which is Enders greatest fear. She knows that by doing so he will believe her and will be able to focus on winning.Ender however, does not believe her because he authoritativeized that if the teachers did not let the rest of her letters be sent, then why this one? He knows she is trying to pressure him into believe that he was not like Peter. Valentine in addition convin ces Ender to not go back to Earth. She tells him that Peter has big plans for him he has been waiting for this opportunity his whole life. He had plans for you, Ender. He would publicly reveal himself when you arrived, going to meet you in front of the videos. Ender Wiggins older brother, who also happened to be the great Locke, the architect of peace.Standing next to you, he would look quite mature. And the physical resemblance between you is stronger than ever. It would be quite simple for him, then, to take over (Card, pg. 312). Valentine tells him Peters plans but Ender does not seem to pull in. He believes that either way he has already spent his life being someones pawn. After talking to Valentine, he had finally decided to put up with her. He says, I am not going for you. Im not going in order to be governor, or because Im bored here(predicate).Im going because I know the buggers better than another living soul, and aybe if I go there I can understand them better (Card, p g. 314). Finally, Valentine also manipulates Ender by meeting him at a lake and encouraging him to continue to go to battle school. If you try and lose then it isnt your fault. except if you dont try and we lose, then its all your fault. You killed us all (Card, pg. 240/241). Valentine persuades Ender that it is best for him and the world to continue fighting to win the battle. She tells him it is important for him to at least try rather than not try at all.If he tries then no one will say anything because he did his best. However, if he does not try at all, then everyone will blame him knowing that he could have done more t planet Earth. Valentine is someone very earthshaking in Enders life and by manipulating him she swear outed Graff control Ender further. Throughout the book, the teachers around Ender are constantly manipulating him. They decide that by manipulating Ender, it will be best for him in the long run. One point would be when the teachers decided not to tell Ender that he was actually fighting the buggers.Ender you neer played me. You never played a game since I became your enemy. Ender, for the past few months you have been the battle commander of our fleets. This was the Third Invasion. There were no games, the battles were real, and the only enemy you fought was the buggers (Card, pg. 296). No one had told Ender that he was actually fighting the buggers at their home planet. They did not tell him so he would feel no pressure. This lead to his victory over the buggers but still Ender was upset. The teachers had manipulated Ender and pushed him too far.The adults are imagineing on the computer to tell them when they are pushing Ender more than he can handle. You cant be estimable about this schedule of battles. Yes I can. Hes only had is army three and a half weeks. I told you. We did computer simulations on probable results. And here is what the computer estimated Ender would do. We want to teach him, not give him a nervous breakdown (Card, pg. 173). The event is they have already gone past his limit. The adults were by big(a) him more than he could handle. For example, he was once given two battles in one day during his time at Battle School.Lastly, the teachers manipulate him by never helping him in dangerous situations. Every time Ender was ganged up on the teachers would not help him and so he would fight alone. If the teachers were allowing that to turn up on official report, it was obvious they didnt intend to punish anyone for the nasty little skirmish in the battle room. Arent they going to do anything? Dont they care what goes on in this school (Card, pg. 117). Ender was frustrated and confused as to why the teachers were never there when he was in trouble. He learned to never count on the adults to come and rescue him.These three points made him a better soldier because t made him stronger, more independent and that helped him prepare for the real battle. Graffs intention of manipulating Ender was t o keep him on track. He wanted Ender to only be able to rely on himself and nobody else. Graff wants Ender to use his intelligence to help him get out of a rough situation. The first example of how Graff manipulates Ender is by changing his armies often. He sends Ender from Salamander to Rat, Rat to Phoenix and from Phoenix to Dragon. Ender shook his head.It was the stupidest thing he could think of, to promote him ow. Nobody got promoted before they were eight years old. Ender wasnt even seven yet. And launchies usually moved into the armies together, with most armies getting a new kid at the same time (Card, pg. 69). Ender was tired of switching armies often. It was only when everything was settling down, when he made a few friends and had gotten over the fact that he was not with Valentine they decide to transfer him. Colonel Graff also manipulates Ender into going to Battle School. You wont miss your mother and gravel, not much, not for long.And they wont miss you long either W ell no one wants a third anymore. You cant expect them to be glad. But your mother and father were a special case (Card, pg. 21/22). Graff speaks with Ender alone and tells his how his familys reaction would be. He brings up the past about his parents life and that having a third was much(prenominal) a disgrace for them. He tells Ender that miss them a little but soon he will forget about them and they will do the same. Furthermore, Graff also makes sure that Ender does not get any support from the teachers when he is in problem.He also helps Ender become alienated from the other launchies. Ender Wiggins must believe that no matter what happens, no adult will ever, ever step in to help him in anyway. He must believe to the core of his soul that he can only do what he and the other children work out for themselves. If he does not believe that, then he will never tinge the peak of his ability (Card, pg. 202). Graff plays with his mind, mentally making him believe that his teachers w ill never be there to protect him. He makes Ender believe that he could only depend on himself.

Intrapartum care study notes Essay

Pathophysiology,etiology and resultand indirectcauses in yourown wordsPathophysiologyBoth mother and baby begin to name for birth in the nal weeks of pregnancy. The mother is instructed to call the health care provider and come into the birthing unit if any(prenominal) of the following occur. Rupture of membranes, regular, frequent uterine contractions (nulliparas, 5 minutes apart for one hour multiparas, 6-8 minutes apart for 1 hour), any vaginal bleeding or decreased fetal movement. Family concern care is a model of care based on the philosophy that physical, socio crazeural, spiritual, and economic needs of the family are combined and considered collectively when planning for the childbearing family. 5 factors are important in the process of assiduity and birth. 1)Birth passage is the size of the agnatic pelvis or diameters of the pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and outlet. The type of maternal pelvis, and the ability of the neck opening to dilate and efface and ability of the v aginal canal and the external opening of the vagina to distend. 2) The fetus-fetal head, fetal attitude, fetal lie, and fetal presentation. 3) Relationship between passage and fetusengagement of the fetal presenting part, institutionalise or location of fetal presenting part in the maternal pelvis in relation to the spine, and fetal position. 4) Physiologic forces of labor -frequency, duration, and intensity of uterine contractions as the fetus moves through the passage, and effectiveness of the maternal pushing effort.5)Psychosocial considerations-mental and physical preparation for childbirth, socio-cultural values and beliefs, previous childbirth experience, support from signicant other, and emotional status. Labor comm barely begins between 30 and 42 weeks of gestation. Pro just her own relaxes the smooth muscletissue, estrogen stimulates uterine muscle contractions, and connective tissue loosens to permit the softening, thinning, and eventual(prenominal) opening of the cervix . In true labor, with each contraction the muscles of the upper uterine segment shortening and exert a Longitudinal traction on the cervix, cause effacement in which is the drawing up of the internal OS and the cervical canal into the uterine sidewalls. The contractions of true labor produced progressive dilation and effacement of the cervix. They only occur regularly and increase in frequency, duration, and intensity. The discomfort of true labor contractions usually starts in the back and radiates around to the abdomen. The pain is not relieved by ambulation. The contractions of false labor do not produce progressive cervical effacement and dilation. They are you regular and do not change magnitude frequency, duration, and intensity. The discomfort whitethorn be relieved by ambulation, changing positions, drinking a large amount of water, or taking a warm shower.Exemplar grammatical case aeroplane SP12Exemplar Face SheetPathophysiology,etiology and directand indirectcauses in yourown wordsThe rst deliver begins with the onset of true labor and ends when the cervix is in all dilated at 10 cm. The second stage begins with complete dilation and ends with the birth of the newborn. The third stage begins with the birth of the newborn and ends with the delivery of the placenta. Some clinicians identify a fourth stage. This stage lasts 1 to 4 hours after delivery of the placenta, the uterus effectively contracts to control bleeding at the placental site. Maternal systemic answer to labor. The mothers cardiovascular system is stressed both by the uterine contractions and by the pain, anxiety, and apprehension she experiences. During pregnancy the circulating blood volume increases by 50%. The increasing cardiac outputpeaks between the second and third trimester. Maternal position also affects cardiac output. In the supine position, cardiac output bring lows heart dictate increases and stroke volume decreases. When turned to a lateral side laying position c ardiac output increases. As a result blood-pressure rises during uterinecontractions. oxygen demand and consumption increased at the onset of the labor because of the presence of uterine contractions. By the end of the rst stage of labor most women develop a mild metabolic acidosis compensated by respiratory alkalosis. The changes in acid-base status that occur in labor quickly reversed in the fourth stage because of changes in the womans respiratory rate.During labor there is an increase in maternal renin level, plasma renin activity, and angiotensinogen level. These help control uteroplacental bloodow during birth and the premature postpartum period. Gastric mobility and absorption of solid food are reduced. Some narcotics also delayed gastric emptying. White blood cell count increases to 25,000 to 30,000 cells during labor and the early postpartum Period. The change in wbcs is mostly because of the increased neutrophils resulting from a physiologic response to stress. The incre ased WBC count makes it difcult to identify the presence of an infection. Maternal blood glucose levels decrease during labor because glucoses uses an energy source. Fetalresponse to labor. The mechanical and hemodynamic changes of normal labor have no adverse effect when the fetus is healthy. Heart rate deceleration can occur with intracranial pressure as the head pushes against the cervix. Bloodow is decreased to the fetus at the peak of each contraction, leading to a slow decrease in pH status. The adequate exchange of nutrients and gases in the fetal capillaries depends in part on the fetal blood pressure. Fetal blood pressure is a protective mechanism for the normal fetus in the anoxic periods caused by the contracting uterus during labor. The fetus is able to experience sensations of light, sound, and touch beginning at approximately 37 or 38 weeks of gestation.Exemplar Face Sheet SP12Exemplar Face SheetPathophysiology,etiology anddirect and indirectcauses in yourown wordsSom etimes procedures are necessary to maintain the preventive of the woman and the fetus. The most frequent of theseprocedures are labor induction, episiotomy, cesarean birth, and vaginal birth following a previous cesarean birth. Labor induction is the stimulation of the uterine contractions before the extemporaneous onset of labor, with or without ruptured fetalmembranes, for the purpose of accomplishing birth.RiskFactors Other alterations may occur during the intrapartumperiod. These include precipitous birth (rapid progression of labor, with birthing occuring within 3 hours or less), abruption placentae (premature separation of a normally implantedplacenta from the uterine wall. Considered to be a catastrophic event because of the severity of the resulting hemorrhage),placenta previa (implantation of the placenta day in the lower uterine segment rather than the upper portion, resulting inplacental separation with dilation of the cervix), premature rupture of membranes (spontaneou s rupture of the membranesbefore the onset of labor), preterm (Labor that occurs between 20 and 36 completed weeks of pregnancy) and postterm labor (A pregnancy that exceeds 42 weeks since the last menstrualperiod), hypertonic labor (ineffective uterine contractions of poor quality occurring in the latent arrange of labor with increased resting tone of the myometrium and frequent contractions),hypotonic labor (usually developing in the active phase of labor, characterized by 4000g at birth, often associated with excessive maternal weight, maternal obesity, maternal diabetes, orprolonged gestation), nonreassuring fetal status (when theoxygen supply is insufcient to meet the physiologic needs of the fetus),prolapsed umbilical heap (The umbilical cord precedes the fetal presenting part, placing pressure on the cord and reducing or stopping bloodow to and from the fetus), amniotic uid embolism (The presence of a small tear in the amnion or chorion high in the uterus, an area of separa tion in the placenta, or cervical tear where a small amount of amniotic uid may leak into the chorionic plate and enter the maternal system as an amniotic uid embolism), cephalopelvic disproportion (occurs when the fetal head is too large to pass through any part of the birth passage, which can result in prolonged labor, uterinerupture, necrosis of maternal soft tissue, cord prolapse,excessive molding of the fetal head, or damage to the fetal skull and central nervous system), retained placenta (retention of the placenta beyond 30 minutes after birth, resulting in bleeding that may lead to shock), lacerations (tearing of the cervix or vagina. The highest risk is in young or nullipara woman, forceps assisted birth, or administration of an epidural),Exemplar Face Sheet SP12Exemplar Face SheetPathophysiology,etiology anddirect andindirect causesin your ownwordsplacenta accreta (The chorionic villa attached directly to the myometrium of the uterus.. The adherence itself maybe total, par tial, or focal, depending on the amount of placentalinvolved), and perinatal hurt (death of a fetus or infant from the time of conception through the end of the newborn period 28 days after delivery).Inter thinkConcepts (3 ormore)Comfort, Mobility, Family, and SexualityPrioritized1. Risk for injury related to hyperstimulation of uterus caused Nursingby induction of labor.Diagnoses (4 ormore in two or2. Anxiety related to discomfort of labor and unknown laborthree partoutcomes as evidence by verbal communication.statements)3. Acute Pain related to uterine contractions as evidence by verbal complaints of pain.4. Readiness for enhanced cognition related to the birthprocess as evidence by verbalizing concerns to nurse.Resource Links Grassley, J. S., & Sauls, D. J. (2012). paygrade of the (2 or more)Supportive Needs of Adolescents during ChildbirthIntrapartum Nursing Intervention on Adolescents ChildbirthSatisfaction and Breastfeeding Rates. JOGNN Journal OfObstetric, Gynecologic & Ne onatal Nursing, 41(1), 33-44. doi 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01310.xMathew, D., Dougall, A., Konfortion, J., & Johnson, S. (2011). The Intrapartum Scorecard Enhancing safety on the labourward. British Journal Of Midwifery, 19(9), 578-586.

Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice

The position Thrasymachus takes on the definition of referee, as well as its importance in society, is one far differing from the opinions of the different interlocutors in the first book of Platos res publica. Embracing his role as a Sophist in Athenian society, Thrasymachus sets out to aggressively dispute Socrates opinion that rightness is a beneficial and valuable aspect of life and the ideal society. Throughout the course of the dialogue, Thrasymachus formulates three major assertions regarding justice.These claims include his opinion that justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger, it is just to obey the rulers, and justice is really the good of another and harmful to the one who obeys and serves. Socrates continuously challenges these claims using what is now known as the Socratic method of questioning, while Thrasymachus works to defend his views. This paper seeks to argue the implausibility of Thrasymachus views through an analysis of his main claims r egarding justice, as well as his view that immorality brings greater happiness.In Book I of Republic, Socrates attempts to ready justice with the help of his friends and acquaintances. After a consequence of suggestions prove false or insufficient, Thrasymachus tries his hand to define the term, convinced that his definition rings true. Thrasymachus begins in stating, justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,1 and after prodding, explains what he means by this. Thrasymachus believes that the stronger rule society, therefore, creating laws and defining to the umteen what should be considered just.He pertains, however, that the stronger create said laws for their own benefit and therefore in acting justly, the ruled are performing for the rulers benefit and not their own. This demarcation is not feasible for a variety of reasons. One of the key characteristics of justice is fairness, which tramp also be defined as being reasonable or impartial. 5 Impartiality means that you do not favour one side over another6, and therefore implies that if one were to act justly and therefore impartially, they would not act in a way to benefit only a select few.Furthermore, justice in its true form cannot be used altogether for the advantage of the stronger without the masses acknowledging the injustices being imposed upon them, as Thrasymachus suggests is the case. For justice is one of the objet darty another(prenominal) characteristics of morality, which is considered to be intrinsic based on an inner conviction. 7 Therefore, if the military many were acting against said inner conviction wholly for the benefit of the stronger, would they not experience a natural feeling of injustice?This argument alike can be used to refute another of Thrasymachus primary claims that justice is really the good of another and harmful to the one who obeys and serves. 3 In addition to his definition, Thrasymachus argues the measure of justice as a human or societa l characteristic, claiming that injustice is far more beneficial to the individual. Thrasymachus asserts that tyranny makes the doer of injustice happiest and the sufferers of it, who are disinclined to do injustice, most wretched. injustice, if it is on a large enough scale, is stronger, freer, and more masterly than justice. 5 To decide whether an unjust man finds more happiness than a just man does, one must understand the true meaning of the word. The dictionary defines happiness as characterized by pleasure, contentment, or joy. 8 Thrasymachus typifies the unjust man as someone who is constantly seeking self-fulfillment, pleasing their desires no matter what the cost to others.It is in their nature to never be genial with what they have, and therefore it is unbelievable that the unjust man could ever experience true contentment. In contrast, the just man is content upholding laws and acting for the greater good and is therefore capable of experiencing a greater happiness th an one who partakes in injustices. The dictionary goes on to state that happiness can also be defined as feeling satisfied that something is right or has been done right. 8 Thus, an unjust man could never truly be happy, as they are aware of the injustices they have committed unto others in order to benefit themselves. In addition, if one is to look to the cardinal virtues, not only is justice itself included, temperance is as well. Temperance, meaning restraint in the reflexion of temptation or desire9 is not a characteristic of an unjust man. In fact, Thrasymachus argues that one should always seek to fulfill their own desires exercising injustice as a way to do so.Virtue is said to be a measure of ones worth, therefore, in turning their prickle on it, an unjust man could never be as self fulfilled and happy as a virtuous one. The first book of Republic illustrates a diverse range of views in reference to the definition of justice. None, however, evokes such controversy and ana lysis as Thrasymachus dialogue. His point of view calls to the forefront a number of important questions regarding the issue, and is an essential piece to Platos puzzle of defining justice.Thrasymachuss arguments in and of themselves, however, are implausible as discussed above. Not only does his claim that justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,1 go against morality and assume the masses naive, but his attempt to prove that the unjust man is happier than the just man is insufficient and untrue. Works Cited Encarta World English Dictionary. 2004 Plato. The Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Revised by C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis/Cambridge Hackett Publishing Company. 1992. 382c

Islam and the Muslims Essay

In September 2005 Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published twelve cartoons including a caricature of Muhammad in a bomb-shaped turban with an ignited fuse. This sparked a huge controversy that affected Muslims and Non-Muslims parts of the world. For the Muslims it was a portrayal of the prophet, Islam and the Muslims as terrorists. They feared that the cartoons might puddle an anti-Muslim attitude. The Jyllands-Posten apologized and the cartoonist explained that the cartoon was a protest of fundamentalist interpretations of Islam that terrorists use to base their acts on.In citing openhanded Speech, Jyllands-Posten had crossed the bounds of sensitivity to and respect for other peoples faith or religion. The issue should not be solely taken in the confines of the Danish system. Religion is universal and is held sacred by the believers. A bomb on Mohammads head is blasphemous. Given that a number of extremists and fundamentalists have used the teachings of Islam as shield of their terrorist acts, it would be most un reliable to evidence that all Muslims behave and believe as they do.The Organization of the Islamic Conference refused to heed the clamor for death for the cartoonist even if Muslims felt that the cartoon was an insult to Muhammad. Those who musical theme the cartoons are non-issue as far as discrimination of Muslims is concerned is totally disgusting. Does making fun of all spectral icons and symbolisms, exempting no one, a legal and moral excuse? Of course it does not. Doing it to all makes it all the more wrong. To the Muslims, Muhammad is revered. He is infallible.To treat him like a cartoon character to elicit fun or humor is not acceptable, it is contemptible. The Danish giving medications response to the request for redress by certain Muslim sectors was passive. The courts of law where the prime minister, thru letter, referred them to were likewise evasive. Citing the unspecific scope of Freedom of Expression in Denmark, they refused to sanction Jyllands-Posten. The courts found no criminal act in the cartoons, for as long as the interpretation of Free Speech included public interest and respect for human rights.The courts were unilaterally in favor of the journalists and cartoonists. What on the noseice left out and disregarded is the Muslim minoritys interest in particular and the Muslims human right to their religious beliefs, in general. The reaction or non-reaction of the Danish people and government in the controversy is uncharacteristic of a nation that has been ranked by the Reporters Without Borders as Top in Worldwide Press Freedom Index for 2005. in that respect should be a certain degree of self-restraint in any freedom. It should seek to create, not to destroy.A subject like Religion must be treated with respect and tolerance. It should not be open to debates, opinions and critiques. World reaction to the controversy was predictable. The Muslim countries would be indignant. Denmark would suffer the backlash. Egypt helped diffused the situation in the center East. America looked the other way by accusing Syria and Iran of organizing protests and of buying Danish goods after a Muslim boycott. Judging by these reactions, the cartoon controversy was just the tip of the iceberg.Deep-seated political emotions are in the issue. The Muslim terrorists politically-motivated acts became religious issues in the cartoon controversy. That the terrorists were Muslims, Islam and Muhammad became the targets of caricaturing. Free Speech has taken a new form. It goes without limit, and anything and everything is fair game. What holds true for Denmark is made to be accepted by the Muslim minority in Denmark and the Muslim majority in the world. Religious figures, beliefs and practices must be left alone.They must not be used as side or main issues in any controversy. The only way to handle differences in religious beliefs is tolerance and respect. One must not be ridiculed and persecuted for his religious convictions. We must learn from the lessons of history. Terrorism must be dealt with a different but refine option.ReferenceJyllands-Posten Muhhammad Cartoons Controvery, Wikipedia (20 February 2007), http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jylalnds_posten_cartoon_controversy, date accessed 23. Februrary 2007.

Decentralization and Development Essay

Most building countrys governments and multilateral institutions be increasely concerned by the slow progress being made towards achieving the millennium Development Goals and have identified new ways of strengthening the development focus of their policies and programmes. For this reason, decentralization is receiving increasing international attention as a potential tool in the acceleration of development. Though decentalisation would not be implemented solely for the direct purpose of economic development, the ensuing changes in the institutional architecture are very likely to impact on governance, participation and the efficiency of public- receipts delivery, all of which are important variables for development outcomes. Decentralisation is understood as the transfer of power, responsibility, authority, functions and appropriate imagerys from the central to the local level.This playing field attempts to contemplate the performance of the decentralisation insurance in Zam bia since a new decentralisation policy was introduced in Zambia in November 2002 following two previous failed attempts in 1968 and 1980. An effort exit be made to analyse the policy design, its implementation, monitoring and evaluation concerns and how these relate to development. Specific emphasis in the written report will be placed on whether power can actually been devolved by the Central Government to the Local Governments and to what point this can have a positive impact on the delivery and management of function at district level thereby leading to development. The study intends to evaluate how the decentralisation policy is operationalised by analysing political, administrative and fiscal decentralisation and how these interface with development in Zambia.The designers of the decentralisation policy in Zambia hoped that when implemented properly, it would bowdlerise the workload at the centre, create political and administrative accountability, promote responsiveness, and in the long run develop organizational structures tailored to local circumstances in which the payment of taxes could be linked to the provision of services. In this way, it was intended that decentralisation would contribute to democratisation, more effective development, and good governance.The problem, however, is that despite these healthful intentioned goals, the theory is adverse to the practice since decentralisation in Zambia is characterised by several contradictions in the way of challenges related to human resource management, procurement, financial management, and the commercialisation of the elections process which involves the use of money to bribe voters and thereby greatly undermines the ideals of individual merit. As a result, democracy in Zambia has not necessarily produced the best leaders. These contradictions have negative implications for development and this study seeks to investigate why decentralisation has not necessarily led to development in the Za mbia context.Generally, the study intends to explore the impact of the decentralisation policy on the development process of the Zambian economy, in terms of effectuality in the delivery of services. The study hopes to highlight inadequacies, which could be addressed to improve performance and lead to development.to a greater extent specifically, the study aims at * Examining the legal and institutional framework of decentralisation in Zambia. * Analysing the determinants of pro-poor decentralisation process. * Examining the role of elected leaders in development under decentralised governance. * Analysing fiscal decentralisation in relation to service delivery (development).These fair games have been critically identified to cover the four pillars of decentralisation namely, the legal framework, as well as fiscal, administrative and political decentralisation. Decentralisation as a process of transferring authority and functions from the centre to the outer boundary governments i s intended to result in good governance. The quest for good governance in both actual and developing countries has taken centre stage. Governments design policies, which are intended to improve peoples eudaimonia and subsequently lead to development.The decentralisation policy in Uganda is one of such policies, which intends to encourage popular participation, accountability, and therefrom enhance good governance and development. It is assumed that once organisations are decentralised formally and legally, the intended results are attained. However, there have been few tests to critically compare the assumptions and the subsequent results associated with decentralisation.This study intends to fill the gap by relating the theory of decentralisation to the practice in Zambia. A new decentralisation policy was introduced in Zambia the policy covers the crucial aspects of decentralisation such as setting up of sub-district structures and clearly defined roles for the local authoritie s, the nation and central government. Additionally it clearly states that the government is aspiring for devolution although the process will start with deconcentration of services while capacity is being developed in the local authorities.The policy also clearly states that the objective of the policy is primarily governance, i.e. giving citizens more voice in decision-making and general improvement in parliamentary governance where citizens will elect the mayor as opposed to the current system where this is done by councillors, and councils will have more powers and resources. This is in keeping with the fact that the government wants to introduce devolution. A decentralisation secretariat was established to spearhead the implementation and coordination of the policy.The local government administration in Zambia is large and highly complex. This complexity together with the significant differences in management between provincial and district approaches, the researchers geographi cal locating and resources determined the choice of research design and method most appropriate for the study. Thus the study will be fundamentally based on an analysis of secondary data as it relates to the theoretical and practicable implications of decentralisation in Zambia. Hence secondary data will be collected and analysed by pith of a literature study which makes use of various sources related to the Zambian setting, including books, journal articles, and legislation.